Hongos lignocelulolíticos y sus enzimas: potencial biotecnológico en Cuba
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Resumen
La revalorización de la biomasa lignocelulósica para su uso en la producción animal, se ha estudiado como una solución ante el déficit de alimentos en este sector. Esta reseña aborda, fundamentalmente, los aspectos relacionados con los hongos lignocelulolíticos, sus enzimas y su potencial biotecnológico en Cuba. Se recopila información acerca de los avances alcanzados en los procesos de bioconversión mediante fermentación en estado sólido con cepas altamente productoras de compuestos bioactivos. Se describe la diversidad y versatilidad de las celulasas y ligninasas con la capacidad para degradar sustratos complejos y compuestos fenólicos. Lo anterior constituye un interesante reto en la actualidad, que pasa por la elucidación de los complejos mecanismos bioquímicos y fisiológicos involucrados con la degradación fúngica. El diseño de estrategias para la producción de enzimas lignocelulolíticas permitirá la mejora de la digestibilidad y la calidad nutritiva de fuentes alternativas, que de forma sostenible y ecológica puedan lograr producciones agropecuarias más eficientes.
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