2026-04-04T05:08:34Z https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/oai

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/33 2016-07-11T13:45:52Z CJAS:REVART. driver

Prebiotics in the feeding of monogastric animals Garc?a Curbelo, Yanelys Curbelo, Mercedes G. Bocourt, Ram?n Rodr?guez, Zoraya Sav?n, Lourdes Generalities on the prebiotic concept are presented. The characteristics of fructans, including inulin as the most used additive worldwide, are highlighted. Its beneficial effect on the health and productive performance of animals is referred.Key words: prebiotic, fructans, additive, monogastric. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/33 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/33/27

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/34 2016-07-11T13:50:53Z CJAS:BIOM. driver

Use of modeling for studying the growth of Tithonia diversifolia collection 10 Ruiz, T.E. Torres, Verena Febles, Gustavo Rodr?guez, H. Sarduy, Luc?a Gonz?lez, J. The study was conducted for two years under dry conditions to describe the performance of some morphological components of thecollection 10 of Tithonia diversifolia, through the use of different statistical criteria and to determine the models of best goodness offit test. The indicators were determined every 14 d for 18 weeks, when cutting in each of those moments for each season. The seedlingheight (cm), weight of 100 leaves green matter (g) (weight 100 L GM), weight of the integral plant green matter (g) (weight IP GM),total weight of a linear meter (g) green matter (total weight 1 m GM) were studied in two moment of 2006 and 2007, in the periodsJune-October and January-June, respectively. The variables expressed in DM did not have proper goodness of fit in the models used.The Richards model was not adequate for describing the performance of the variables studied. In the rainy season, the model of bestfit for the seedling height was the model of Gompertz, while the weight of 100 leaves GM, weight of the IP GM and total weight of1 m GM showed square fits. The variable seedling height reached 175.23 cm of superior value in week 18, with weekly growth rate of0.14 cm. The weight of 100 leaves GM and that of the integral plant had maximum values at 12 weeks, with 282.47 g and 133.99 g,respectively. The rest of the variables of weight and the total weight 1 m showed maximum values in week 12, with a Little bit moreof 6000 g. During the dry season, there were no significant fits for most of the variables under study. The linear fit was considered for the seedling height; although its statistical significance was lower than 0.05. Only the weight of 100 leaves GM had significant fit to the exponential model. It is concluded that Tithonia diversifolia, green material 10, had the best growth characteristics during the rainy season up to week 12. However, there was no stability of the indicators under study in the dry season. The results show conditionsfor developing further studies, related with biomass? production, even for cutting or for grazing, when knowing the performance of different plant components in time.Key words: growth, modeling, Tithonia diversifolia Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/34 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/34/28

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/38 2016-07-11T13:57:32Z CJAS:BIOM. driver

Use of modeling for studying the growth of Tithonia diversifolia collection 17 Ruiz, T.E. Torres, Verena Febles, Gustavo Rodr?guez, H. Gonz?lez, J. This study was conducted under dry conditions to describe the performance of some morphological components of the collection 17 of Tithonia diversifolia, through the use of different statistical criteria and to determine the models of best goodness of fit. The indicators were determined every two weeks for 16 weeks. In two moments of 2006 and 2007, from June to October and from January to June respectively, a sampling for each climatic season was conducted: seedling height (cm), weight of 100 leaves green matter (g) (weight 100 L GM), weight of the integral plant green matter (g) (weight IP GM), total weight of a linear meter (g) andgreen matter (total weight 1 m GM). The variables expressed in DM did not have proper goodness of fit with the models used. The Richards model was not adequate for describing the performance of the variables studied. In the rainy season, the seedlingheight was adjusted to a logistic model, while the weight of 100 leaves GM had a quadratic performance and that of IP GM was exponential. The weight of 1 m GM did not have significant adjustment for the models considered. The seedling height reached a little bit more than 200 cm in week 18, with a fortnightly growth rate of 0.21 cm. the weight of 100 leaves GM achieved the maximum increase at week 12. The diminishing of the leaves weight was rapid from this time on. The weight of the integral plant showed a tendency to keep increasing after week 18, with value of 87.41 in the last week. During the dry season, the linear model explained the seedling height, and the quadratic that of 100 leaves GM. The exponential referred the IP of the plant GM, and the total weight 1 m GM. The linear dynamics of the seedling height explained an increase of 3.0 cm weekly and 62 cm, assuperior height at 18 weeks. The weight of 100 leaves and that of the integral plant reached very low values up to week 18, when both variables increased rapidly, reaching higher values of almost 250 and 100 g. It is concluded that Tithonia diversifolia plant material 17 had the best growth characteristics during the rainy season between weeks 12 and 14, including the last. In the dry season, its best growth was from week 12 on. The information allows further studies based on biomass production, even for cutting or grazing, when knowing the performance of different plant components in time.Key words: growth, modeling, Tithonia diversifolia Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/38 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/38/32

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/39 2016-08-01T14:11:22Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Supplementation of yearlings Cuban Charolais grazing multiple associations of herbaceous legumes and tropical grasses D?az, Aslan Martin, P. C. Castillo, Emilio Hern?ndez, J. L. The productive performance of 12 yearlings Cuban Charolais, with 192.50 kg of initial live weight (LW), in associated grazing of multiple mixtures of herbaceous legumes and natural pasture was studied. Six hectares, divided into eight paddocks were used. The stocking rate was of two animals per hectare, with seven occupation days and 49 d of resting. Self-grazing, without fertilization and in dry conditions, during the rainy season was used. The animals were divided into two groups, one with energy-protein-mineral supplementation(19.80 % CP and 13.79 MJ kg-1 DM of ME) and other, with energy-mineral supplementation (11 % CP and 13.58 ME, MJ kg-1 DM), at a rate of 2.50 kg animal d. The animals consuming the energy-mineral supplement had LW gains superior (P < 0.01) in respect to those receiving the energy-protein-mineral source, of 1011 and 954 g animal d-1, respectively. Besides, the pastures availability, in function of the grazing pressure (14.60 kg of DM per each 100 kg of LW), satisfied the daily ingestion capacity of DM of the animals. The protein-energy composition (12.70 % of CP and 10.68 MJ of ME kg-1 of DM) of the energy-mineral supplement and its nutritive value covered the nutritional requirements.In the animals consuming this supplementation source, the ratio total nitrogen-ME was better. The inclusion of the energy-mineral supplement favores the pasture of grasses and multiple tree legumes, predominating legumes during the rainy season, for the yearlings Cuban Charolais.Key words: bovines, meat, Charolais, legumes, maize, soybean Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/39 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/39/33

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/40 2016-08-01T14:11:54Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Impact of biomass banks with Pennisetum purpureum (Cuba CT-115) on milk production Mart?nez, Ram?n Omar Torres, Verena Aguilar, P. I. In order to assess the impact of the technology of biomass banks on milk production, the information of 27 indicators was recorded, obtained from nine dairy units of the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production (BUCP) ?Desembarco del Granma?, in Villa Clara province, from 2000 to the first semester of 2009. The combination semester-year-dairy unit allowed making a general matrix, with 169 cases. A total of 89 cases were analyzed in the first semester or dry period to facilitate the data interpretation, while in the second semester or rainy period, 80 cases were analyzed. The main components analysis (MCA) were used for the interpretation of the results. In the matrixes studied, four main components (MC) explained more than 70 % of the variability. The MC 1 in each matrix explained more than 35 % of the variance, andwas highly correlated with indicators of productive importance, such as productivity per cow, production of milk/ha and total production per semester. Only this component was highly correlated with time and with the main technological changes, like paddocking and the percentage increase of Cuba CT-115 pasture. However, the relation was low with the sugarcane percentage and that of artificial pastures, replacement percentage of animals, stocking and birth. These indicators were not highly modified in time. The rotated matrices were usedto determine the impact indexes in each scene, which changed their values, from negative to positive, with the years, and were, at the same time, an impact demonstration of this technology. The relation MC 1 allowed reliable regression equations in time, expressing the impactvalues of the biomass banks on the main productive indicators. Under the conditions of this BUCP, the organizational actions increased the milk production in 60 L/ha/year. The interval parturition-gestation decreased in 6.5 d/year. The milk/lactation increased in 73.3 L/year,the total milk production per dairy unit in 6252 L, and the liter per milking cow in 0.2/year. It is suggested that the BUCP considers a new cycle of developing the technologies and methods of animal management to increase the stocking rate, amount and quality of the feed for the dry season and favor the diminishing of the interval parturition-gestation.Key words: milk production, technological impact, multivariant designs. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/40 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/40/34

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/41 2016-08-01T14:12:36Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Study of beef meat production systems in a municipality of Hidalgo State, Mexico Ruiz, Mar?a Ruiz, J. Torres, Verena Cach, J. A survey to 104 producers was conducted to characterize the beef meat production systems in the Mixquiahuala de Ju?rezmunicipality, Hidalgo State, Mexico. The topic included the social areas, health management and nutrition. The answers were organized in a data matrix and were processed according to Statistical Model for Impact Measuring (SMIM). This model combines the multivariate techniques of main components and the cluster analysis. The results evidenced that the majority of producers wished to manage using few technologies, only a minor liked the not-updated and incomplete technologies. Out of the people interviewed,90 % of them have cattle as a saving system, with low earnings. Only 10 % use them to improve their economy, although they do not use the technologies required for an efficient production. Creating consume goods cooperatives would be enough to improve the systems, in respect to the acquisition of feed incomes and find a commerce way for the producers to establish a guarantee price. The inclusion of awards, if the product surpasses the established standards, is suggested with previous agreement with the purchasers.Inducing the producer to the technical assessment to improve the production levels and the general conditions of the system, mainly its nutritional aspect is also advised.Key words: meat production, social characterization, health characterization, nutritional characterization, multivariate statistical analysis. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/41 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/41/35

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/42 2016-08-01T14:13:07Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of the microbial additive VITAFERT on the intake of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber in Saanen goats fed Brachiaria brizantha hay Guti?rrez, Delf?n El?as, Arabel Garc?a, R. Herrera, F. Jord?n, Humberto Sarduy, Luc?a A microbial additive, VITAFERT (a product biologically active, rich in yeasts and lactobacilli and their metabolites) was included in a basic ration of Brachiaria brizantha hay of low nutritive quality to assess its effect on the voluntary intake of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in goats from the Saanen breed. In a Latin square design and for 45 d, three Saanen goats of three years of age were used, with average live weight of 43 kg (17.0?0.82 kg LW0.75), out of lactation and canulated in the rumen. The treatments were: T1) basic diet of B. brizantha hay + caprine commercial supplement; T2 and T3) B. brizantha hay + caprine commercial supplement and two levels VITAFERT (6.0 and 12.0 ml kg LW-1). Different from the hay that was offered twice (08:30 and 16:30 h) at a rate of 1.2 kg animal-1(DB), the levels were added to the supplement at the supply time (09:30 h) according to the treatments. The intake of DM, NDF and their expressions were higher (P < 0.001) in the level of 6.0 ml kg LW-1 of VITAFERT in the ration, with great ratio NDF-TN-1 and higher use of nutrients (ME vs. CP P < 0.001) in the ration, compared to the rest of the treatments. It is concluded that the addition of this microbial additive at a rate of 6.0 ml kg LW-1, in a basic diet of Brachiaria brizantha hay of low quality, together with a minimum of energy-proteinsupplement, had an associative effect between both of them, increasing the intake of DM and NDF.Key words: Sannen, rumen, associative. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/42 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/42/36

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/43 2016-08-01T14:13:33Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr., Albizia lebbeck Benth and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray (plant material 23) on the methanogen population and on the ruminal microbial ecology Galindo, Juana Gonz?lez, Niurca Scull, Idania Marrero, Yoandra Sosa, Areadne Aldana, Ana Irma Moreira, Onidia Delgado, Denia Ruiz, Tom?s Febles, Gustavo Torres, Verena La O, Orestes Sarduy, Luc?a Noda, Aida Achang, O. An experiment with completely randomized design in factorial arragement (4 x 5) and under in vitro conditions was conducted to assess theeffect of Samanea saman, Albizia lebbeck and Tithonia diversifolia, plant material 23, on the methanogen population and on the ruminalmicrobial ecology. Four treatments were compared: A) Cynodon nlemfuensis (star grass, control), B) Samanea saman (carob tree), C)Albizia lebbeck (albizia) and D) Tithonia diversifolia, plant material 23 (tithonia). The samplings were conducted before incubation (hour0), at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after the beginning of fermentation. They were replicated four times in time. There was no effect of the foliage treeson the population of total viable bacteria of the rumen. The methanogen populations, in the fermentation up to 8 h, were 70, 34, 19 and 18.5 x 109 ufc mL-1 for star grass, carob tree, and tithonia, respectively. The highest population of cellulolytic bacteria was found in albizia, while the cellulolytic fungi, at 8 h of fermentation, had the highest population with this same plant. The protozoa population was 8.9, 7.2, 6.0 and 6.5 x 105 cells mL-1 for the treatments A, B, C and D, respectively. No effects on the pH or on the ammonium concentration in therumen were found. It is concluded that carob tree, albizia and tithonia reduce the methanogen population and have beneficial effects on the ruminal microbial ecology when modifying the populations of protozoa, bacteria and cellulolytic fungi.Key words: rumen, bacteria, protozoa, methanogen, trees ecology. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/43 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/43/37

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/44 2016-08-01T14:14:00Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of different levels of vitamin premix during finisher period on broiler on performance and immunocompetence in battery cage and floor systems Alahyari-Shahrasb, Majid Moravej, Hossein Shivazad, Mahmood Two trials were conducted to evaluate the withdrawal or reduction of vitamin premix from diets of finisher period (29 to 42 days of age) on broiler performance and immunocompetence. Trial 1 was conducted as a completely randomized design with 4 treatments of 6 replicatesand 5 chicks in each battery cage system. Trial 2 was conducted with 4 treatments of 6 replicates and 18 chicks in pen floor system. The diets were formulated based on wheat and barley, and dietary treatments were: T1 = based diet without vitamin premix, T2= based diet with 33.33% vitamin premix, T3 = based diet 66.66% vitamin premix, T4 = based diet 100% vitamin premix (Control Group). On day 34,two birds from each replicate were selected and antibody responses to inoculated sheep red blood cells were determined. The cell-mediated immunity was determined via phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Results of trial 1 showed that there wereno significant differences in the bird?s performance with reduction or withdrawal of vitamin premix from diets in 29-35 days among the experimental groups, but in 36-42 days of age, the performance of the group of the birds fed with diet without vitamin premix (T1) was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). Results of trial 2 showed that vitamin premix reduction and withdrawal from 29 d of age did not impair body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio during the final period of broilers (29-42d). The results of two trials demonstrated that immunocompetence response was not affected by treatments in finisher period. The results of the present study indicated that in the battery cage system it's possible to reduce dietary vitamin premix during finisher period but withdrawal can negatively affect performance of broilers. While in the floor system it is possible to withdraw vitamin supplements from finisher diets.Key words: broiler, immunocompetence, rearing system, vitamin premix Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/44 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/44/38

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/45 2016-08-01T14:19:36Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Body composition of broilers consuming forage meal of Mucuna deeringiana in the diet. Technical note Mart?nez, Madeleidy Sarmiento, L. Hern?ndez, Yasmila Sarduy, Luc?a Dihigo, Luis Enrique Thirty-two male broilers of the hybrid HE21 were used to determine the body composition of broilers consuming forage meal of Mucuna deeringiana (velvet bean) in the diet. The animals were distributed into four treatments (experimental diets) and eight repetitions, according to completely randomized design. The control was based don maize-soybean. In the rest of the treatments, the cereal was substituted by 5, 10 and 15 % of velvet bean forage meal. After 42 d, the animals were weighed, slaughtered and removed their viscera to determine the carcasses weight. Later, they were sectioned in legs and chest. The content of excessive fat was determined. There were no differencesbetween treatments for the body composition, except, for the abdominal fat that decreased, compared to the control, 5.57 units (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of 15 % of velvet bean. It is concluded that with the substitution of 15 % of Mucuna deeringiana forage meal in the broilers? diet, the carcass fat diminished without affecting the different edible portions.Key words: body composition, broilers, Mucuna deeringiana forage meal. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/45 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/45/39

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/46 2016-08-01T14:27:55Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Assessment of two population densities in the pre-fattening of Clarias gariepinus with semi-humid feed Llanes, J. Toledo, J. A total of 540 young fish of Clarias gariepinus, with 10.0 + 0.02 g of initial average weight were used to study the effect of two population densities (80 and 100 fish/m3). Cement tanks and semi-humid feed based on silages of fishery by-products were used in the pre-fattening. The fish were distributed according to completely randomized experimental design in two treatments, with three repetitions. No differences were found in the growth indicators (final weights of 105.1 and 96.3 g), feed conversion (2.2 and 2.3) and survival (83.3 and 87 %) between the experimental densities. The productivity was higher (P < 0.01) for 100 fish per m3 (8.3 kg/m3). It is concluded that the pre-fattening of Clarias gariepinus in cement tanks with semi-humid diet, based on fishery silages, is not affected when increasing the density from 80 to100 fish/m3 and allows increasing productivity per culture area.Key words: clarias, population densities, semi-humid rations. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/46 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/46/40

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/47 2016-08-03T14:50:43Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Digestion of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) foliage in pigs. In situ digestibility measured with mobile nylon bags D?az, Ivonne Gonz?lez, C. Reyes, Julio Delgado, E. Ly, Julio The in vivo and in situ rectal digestibility of sweet potato foliage meal was studied through mobile nylon bags. Four pigs of 40 kg were used, canulated in duodenum and fed maize/soybean diets, partially substituted with 0, 10, 20 and 30 % of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) foliage meal, according to a Latin squeare design 4 x 4. There was no significant effect of the treatment on the in vivo rectaldigestibility of sweat potato foliage in the pigs. The diet supplied only influenced significantly (P < 0.05) on the rectal digestibility of the OM measured in in situ. Coincidence was found in the rectal digestibility of the DM (49.4 and 50.2%), nitrogen (N) (44.7 and 45.4%) and the energy of sweet potato foliage (45.6 and 46.7%), when the nutritive value was measured in vivo and in situ. It is suggested that the nutritive values of sweet potato foliage diets can be determined in mouth-rectum of pigs by in vivo and in situ procedures differently, through the technique of mobile bag.Key words: swine, digestion, ileum, rectum, foliar sweet potato. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/47 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/47/41

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/48 2016-08-03T14:50:18Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Rainfall performance at the Institute of Animal Science in Cuba during the period 1970-2009 as basis for the strategic management of pastures ?lvarez, Adri?n Herrera, Rafael Segundo Noda, Aida C. D?az, Laisurys Rainfall performance in the farm of the Institute of Animal Science (ICA) in Cuba during the period 1970-2009 was studied with data recorded at the agro-meteorological station. The methodology of analysis of seasonal series was applied and the performance of its components: seasonal variations, trend, cyclicity and random component of the time series were studied. It was confirmed that the seasonal character ofrainfall was maintained each year, but showed stability during the last decade, as well as decrease of the minimum and maximum values. There was a very high variability and it was confirmed by the analysis of the coefficients of variation, which reached values above 41% in all months, particularly, in the poor rainy period, with average fluctuations of 200 mm. Also in this stage there was a decrease in the amountof rainfall of 324 mm in the period 1970-1980 to 225 mm presently. It is foreseen that this decrease will continue and that the difference between periods will increase, with a probability of 1105.7 mm for 95%. In general, rainy days also showed a decreasing trend. Regarding rainfall cyclicity at ICA, the duration was variable. It can be concluded that the high rainfall inter-annual variability, the inequality of its distribution throughout the year and the decrease of the rainy days favor the instability of these events at ICA?s farm.Key words: time series, rainfall, animal production Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/48 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/48/42

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/49 2016-08-03T14:51:20Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Maize (Zea mays) intercropping in a silvopastoral system with Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato and Leucaena leucocephala cv. Peru Iraola, Jorge Mu??z, E. Garc?a, Yenny Hern?ndez, Jorge Luis Moreira, E. The effect of maize (Zea mays) intercropping on the establishment of a simultaneous silvopastoril grass-leucaena sowing was studied. A completely randomized design with two treatments was used: A) Leucaena leucocephala cv Peru and Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato plus maize and B) leucaena plus mulato grass. Sowings were made at the beginning of June, 2007 in the rainy season, on a carbonated brown soil. Indicators studied were: number of plants, number of stalks plant-1, height and yield in leucaena and height, number ofplants and yield in mulato grass. Botanical composition, availability and bromatological composition of the grassland were determined. SAS 9.1 software was used for the statistical analysis of the evaluated indicators. In treatment A, leucaena showed higher height values (P < 0.01) (108.67 cm vs. 93.73 cm), yield (P < 0.01) (90.20 vs. 75.10 g DM plants-1), number of stalks plant-1 (P < 0.001) (12.91 vs.10.61) and number of plants (P < 0.001) (4.96 vs. 3.83). In this treatment, mulato grass showed higher number of plants (P < 0.01) (8.50 vs. 6.10) and yield (P < 0.001) (300.15 vs. 250.02 g DM plants.1). Percentage of mulato grass was also higher (66% vs. 50%) with this treatment. The remaining grasses did not differ. There was a higher availability (P < 0.05) in the treatment with maize (7.8 vs. 5.8 t DM ha-1). It is concluded that maize intercropping in a simultaneous sowing of leucaena and mulato grass favors leucaena establishmentand does not affect the grass. Results indicate the possibility of establishing silvopatoral systems with leucaena and mulato grass of recent introduction in our country through maize intercropping in the sowings, with the advantage of grain harvesting and possible sale to cover the establishment expenses.Key words: leucaena, grass, simultaneous sowing, silvopastoril system Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/49 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/49/43

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/50 2016-08-03T15:14:36Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Relationship between quality indicators and age indicators in Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-169 in Cauto Valley, Cuba Ram?rez, J. L. Herrera, Rafael Segundo Cisneros, M. Verdecia, D. ?lvarez, Y. L?pez, B. In a random block design with four replications, quality indicators related to the climate and age of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-169 were determined in both seasonal periods. The experiment was carried out in a fluvisol soil, under non-irrigation conditions and without fertilization. A multivariate analysis of main components was made, considering the climatic factors and the quality indicators.The preponderance value, equal or higher than 0.75 was considered as the selection factor. Linear multiple equations and the values of the coefficient of determination were above 0.88. The highest R2 were obtained for DMD and OMD (equation II = a + b*CF +d* Age, P < 0.001). Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-169 can be characterized by rainfall, temperature (minimum, mean, maximum) and relative humidity, also through CP, CF, ADF, L, CW, DMD, OMD, ME, FNE, CC and cellulose. Linear multiple regression equations were established between DMD, OMD, ME and FNE considering: a) CP, CC and age; b) CF, CW and age; c) CP, L and age, with high R2 and low standard errors of estimation and square mean of the error. Further studies on regrowth physiology in other varieties and types of soil are recommended. More studies mainly on the performance of the chemical composition indicators are suggested to collect more information about the climatic conditions of Cauto Valley so as to validate results in other regions of the country.Key words: Pennisetum purpureum, multivariate, multiple regressions Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/50 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/50/44

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/51 2016-08-03T15:15:01Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Chemical composition of Pennisetum purpureum cv.. Cuba CT-115 used as biomass bank Fortes, Dayleni Herrera, Rafael Segundo Garc?a, Manuel Cruz, Ana Mar?a Romero, Aida A completely random sampling design was used to study the chemical composition of CT-115 used as biomass bank. The treatments corresponded with the re-growth ages of the pasture from the moment the animals went out to the paddock (zero time) to completing each growth cycle, according to the technology of biomass bank. In all the cycles, the re-growth age diminished the CP value (P < 0.001) andthe cell content (P < 0.01) in the basal tillers as in the residue. The higher protein values were found in the leaves of the basal tillers and the residue (P < 0.001), with 14.3 % and 11.9 % respectively, at 15 d in cycle one. The cell wall increased (P < 0.01) with age in all cycles. The leaves had lower values than the stems. The highest values were, generally, in the residue stems (84.07 %), at 105 d of re-growth for cycle four. The cellulose and lignin contents increased with age in most of the cycles, with maximum values in the leaves of 38.8 % and7.9 %, respectively. The lignin values were inferior in leaves and stems of the basal tillers. The results of this study allow concluding that the cell wall, cellulose and lignin increased with the re-growth age. The CP and the cell content reduced similarly in the rest of the pastures. However, these indicators in the leaves of CT-115 get to the 105 d with an acceptable quality for cattle. Due to the leaves quality in this variety of Pennisetum, grazing with a high defoliation index up to the height desired by the animal is recommended and, therefore, a higher productivity would be achieved.Key words: Pennisetum purpureum cv.. Cuba CT-115, chemical composition, biomass bank. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/51 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/51/45

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/52 2016-08-03T15:15:23Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Co-inoculation of ryzobium strains and one of arbuscular mycorrhizial fungi (Glomus cubense) and its effect on kusdz? (Pueraria phaseoloides). Technical note Gonz?lez, P. J. P?rez, Guianeya Medina, N. Crespo, G. Ram?rez, J. F. Arzola, J. The effect of co-inoculating two strains of ryzobium and one of arbuscular mycorrhizia fungi (AMF) Glomus cubense on the nutritional stage and yield of kusdz? (Pueraria phaseoloides vc. CIAT-9900), cultivated on a red lixiviated ferralitic soil, was studied. The experiment included eight treatments, distributing the ryzobium strains K1 and K2, the application of 50 kg of N ha-1, a control without ryzobium or nitrogen fertilizer, ryzobium alone or combined with G. cubense, in a random block design with four replicates. The results of the first cut are presented. In absence of the mycorrhizia inoculation, K2 produced N contents in the biomass (2.53 %) and yields of dry matter (2.73 t DM ha-1) significantly higher than K1, and similar to those reached with the nitrogen fertilization. However, the co-inoculation of G. cubensewith any of the ryzobium strains increased significantly the nodulation (46 nodules plant-1) and produced yields (3.37 t DM ha-1) and contents of N (3.35 %) and P (0.23 %) in the biomass significantly higher than those reached with the ryzobium alone or with the application of N. The fungal structures of the plants were also favored with the combination of the ryzobium and the AMF. Under the conditions of this experiment, the synergic effect of both microorganisms was proved, as well as the advantages of their co-inoculation to improve yield and nutritive value of kusdz? at least during its establishment.Key words: Rhizobium, Glomus cubense, forage legumes, nitrogen biological fixation, nutrition. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-09-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/52 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 3 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/52/46

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/53 2016-08-03T16:48:00Z CJAS:REVART. driver

Use of mathematical modeling on the solid-state fermentation processes of fibrous substrates for animal feeding Sosa, Dailyn Bocourt, Ram?n Dustet, J. C. The Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) of fibrous residues is one of the most promising techniques for animal feeding production through biotechnological via. In Cuba, from rustic fermentations, several product of great utility have been obtained such as Saccharina, the Sacchamaiz and Sacchaboniato. This study is methodological and presents a general review on the present situation of mathematical modeling of the SSF. The use of this tool to describe the rustic fermentation of fibrous substrates on slid state is included. For that, the equations of balance and energy have been taken into consideration, as well as a logistic equation to describe the microbial growth in these processes. Mathematicalmodeling in this type of fermentations, allows determining the protein content and estimating the profiles of temperature, height of solid bed, total time of the process and turning time of the substrate to achieve a more efficient process. Up to now, models to predict the performance of rustic SSF have not been reported.Key words: rustic solid-state fermentation, mathematical modeling, fibrous residues Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/53 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/53/47

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/54 2013-04-08T11:01:15Z CJAS:BIOM. driver

Comparison of models of fixed and mixed effects on the analysis of an experiment with mutant strains of cellulotic fungus Trichoderma viride G?mez, Sarai Torres, Verena Garc?a, Yoleisy Fraga, Luis M. Sarduy, Luc?a Sav?n, Lourdes L. Two models of fixed effect and one mixed were used to compare models of fixed and mixed effects on the analysis of measurements repeated in time through an experiment with mutant strains of cellulotic fungus Trichoderma viride. The data processing was conducted with the statistical software Infostat Version 1 and SAS (2007) version 9.1.3. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted from theresults of the Pearson correlation matrix, an univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), according to divided plot design and an analysis of variance using the mixed model (PROC MIXED of SAS with option Repeated). The strains and the sampling times were considered as fixed effects, and the experimental units (Erlenmeyer flasks) were considered as random effect (subjects). The selection criteria (Verosimilarity,Akaike and Bayesiano) were taking into consideration for a better model adjustment. The interaction between sampling times and treatments (strains) was significant for P < 0.05 in both methods used. The results showed that the analysis with mixed models was more success, because it solves the failing of the basis hypothesis, solves the limitation of the multivariate analysis of variance and gives higher flexibilityand information when selecting the model of better fit. It also allows analyzing data bases in unbalanced designs.Key words: repeated measurements, univariate analysis of variance, mixed model. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/54 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/54/48

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/55 2016-08-03T17:32:43Z CJAS:BIOM. driver

Tests assessment for multiple comparisons of in vitro gas curves, from the root of the mean square distance Jay, Osmany Torres, Verena Marrero, Yoandra Torres, P. In order to find a tool for comparing multiple curves of in vitro gas production to assess ruminants? feeds, the square mean distance between curves is proposed as statistical distance. The performance of four comparison tests of fixed range using this distance: lowest significant distance (LSD), Tukey?s honest significant distance (HSD), Scheff??s significant distance (SSD) and Bonferroni-corrected significant distance(BSD) through four experiments simulated by Monte Carlo. The signification level of the tests is also analyzed when the number of treatments or the variation between the simulation parameters increases. It was proved that the Tukey test was stable and limited the inflation, the error type 1, when the number of treatments increases. Besides, it is the most adequate in multiple comparisons of this kind of experiment.Key words: Monte Carlo simulation, non-linear regression, post hoc tests. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/55 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/55/49

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/56 2016-08-03T17:31:03Z CJAS:GEN. driver

Racial and heterosis effects of prolificacy traits on complete diallelic crossings between four rabbit breeds Garc?a, Yoleisy Ponce de Le?n, Raquel Guzm?n, Gladys Four thousand twenty-five observations of three complete diallelic crossings between four rabbit breeds (California, C; Chinchilla, CH; New Zealand, N and Semi-giant, S) were conducted to determine the racial and heterosis effects on prolificacy traits. In the first study, a generalized linear model through the GENMOD procedure of SAS (2007), was applied which considered the race effects (paternal, maternal and their interaction), parity and generation. In the second, a mixed model through the PROC MIXED procedure, also of SAS, was used, which considered the genotype (cross vs. pure) as random and parity and generation as fixed. The BLUPs resulting from the second model were used when calculating heterosis. The indictors total born (TB), born alive (BA) and number of weaned animals (NW) were analyzed.The maternal breed was the only important effect for the TB and BA. Chinchilla breed highlighted with more than seven kids for both measurements. Non-significant positive heterosis was found in the reciprocal crossings CCH-CHC for each trait under study, as in the CN-NC for the NW. Heterosis was negative or null in the other combinations. The use of C as maternal breed is a way to improve the traits TB andBA. Advantages at the heterosis level are obtained with the CH-CHC crossing for all the prolificacy traits studied and with that of CS-SC for the WN. These results show that crossing is an alternative to increase productivity in different rabbit exploitations.Key words: diallelic cross, rabbit, prolificacy, heterosis Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/56 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/56/50

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/57 2016-08-03T17:33:26Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Carcass characteristics and yield of the primary cuts of lambs fed broom millet (Sorghum bicolor var. Technicum, jav) Estrada, A. D?vila, H. Herrera, Rafael Segundo Robles, J. C. La O, Orestes Castro, Beatriz I. Portillo, J. J. R?os, F. G. Contreras, G. The effect of broom millet (Sorghum bicolor var. Technicum, jav), entire or ground was studied in the carcass characteristics and primary cuts in 40 pelibuey ovines (Dorper x Pelibuey), of 31.55 ? 6.02 kg of live weight during 42 d. Seventy five percent of broom millet entire was substituted by that ground. A completely random design with two treatments and four replicates was used. A feeding test with 40 animalsreceiving integral diets was conducted. The inclusion of entire broom millet did not influence significantly on the final live weight, weight of the hot carcass, rib eye area, width of the dorsal and renal-pelvic fat, weight of the digestive viscera and weight of the primary cuts. However, the carcass yield decreased (P < 0.05) (56.01 vs. 52.94 %) as well as the percentage of empty body (84.74 vs. 81.62 %) and increased(P < 0.05) the percentage of filled viscera (26.39 vs. 23.94 %), weight of the gastrointestinal content (6.84 vs. 5.71 kg) and percentage of the gastrointestinal content (18.38 vs. 15.26 %). It is concluded that the inclusion of entire broom millet in the feeding of lambs diminishes the carcass yield, without affecting its characteristics, weight of the primary cuts and their relation.Key words: carcass characteristics, cut, broom millet, Pelibuey sheep. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/57 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/57/51

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/62 2016-08-03T17:33:55Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of different inclusion levels of Morus alba Linn cv. Cubana on the methane fermentation and production under in vitro conditions with rumen liquor from river buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Gonz?lez, Niurca Galindo, Juana Aldana, Ana Irma Moreira, Onidia Sarduy, Luc?a In order to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of mulberry (M. alba Linn.) cv. Cubana on the fermentation and reduction of therumen methanogenesis in river buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), an in vitro fermentation was performed and five levels of inclusion of M. albaL. cv. Cubana (0, 15, 20, 25 y 30 %) were assessed in a diet based on star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis). The volume of gas and methaneaccumulated was determined at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h of fermentation, as well as the concentration of total and individual short chain fattyacids (SCFA), the ammonia (NH3), and the pH at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h of incubation. The inclusion of M. alba L. cv. Cubana increased theproduction of gas accumulated at 24 h of fermentation, compared with the treatment containing only star grass. The different mulberryinclusion levels reduced the methane production in the rumen, compared with the control. The 30 % was the level that reduced it the most.The concentration of total and individual SCFA was not affected, nor that of NH3. It was concluded that the inclusion levels of 15, 20, 25,and 30 % of M. alba L. cv. Cubana did not affect the end products of the fermentation and reduced the in vitro rumen methane production.The 30 % was the level that reduced the most the rumen methanogenesis.Key words: rumen methanogenesis, rumen, mulberry, end products of the fermentation, in vitro gas production. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-05-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/62 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/62/56

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/63 2016-08-03T17:34:47Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Elaboration of a feed based on the solid state fermentation of sugarcane and with different levels of zeolites Aranda, E. M. Georgana, Lidia E. Ramos, J. A. Salgado, S. In order to evaluate the efficiency in the synthesis of microbial protein in a feed based on sugarcane with different levels of Mexican zeolite (Clinoptilolita calcica), an experiment was designed with ground stems of the Mex69-290 sugarcane cultivar, of twelve months of age. Urea (1.5 %), ammonium sulfate (0.3 %), mineral salts (0.5 %), and inoculum of lactobacilli (Vitafert) (10 %) were mixed homogeneously. Tenkilograms of the mixture were spread on the floor, with layer thickness of 10 cm. The mixture was subject to constant aeration and it was fermented under shade. A complete random design was used with factorial fit, four levels of zeolite (0, 1, 2, 3 %) and five fermentation times (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 h), with four repetitions per treatment. Nutritional variables were measured: dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutraldetergent fiber (NDF), digestibility and fermentation variables, pH, NH3, acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids, and the temperature. TheCP at 24 h was from 16 to 21%, according to the treatment, and it decreased at the end of the fermentation. There was increasing synthesis of microbial protein, not having effect due to the addition of zeolite. The digestibility was of 50 to 60 %, without any effect due to the zeolite addition. The DM values were of 37 and 44 %, at 72 y 96 h, respectively. At the beginning, the pH was acid, and, at the end, alkaline, dueto the production of lactic acid, volatile fatty acids, and ammonium. The maximum temperature was of 45 ?C at 24 h. It was concluded that the zeolite had no effect on the production of microbial protein. The process of sugarcane fermentation in solid state increased the synthesis of microbial protein. After 48 h, the pH was alkaline, and at 24 h it reached the maximum temperature.Key words: lactobacilli cultura, sugarcane feed, protein synthesis, fermentation. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/63 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/63/57

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/64 2016-08-03T17:35:20Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of the energy-protein supplementation on the ruminal fermentation indicators of buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) fed star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) L?pez, Jos? Ra?l El?as, Arabel Delgado, Denia G?nz?lez, R. Sarduy, Luc?a Four male buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) of the Bufalipso breed with 175 ? 5 kg of liveweight cannulated in the rumen were used to assess the effect of the supplementation with different amounts of protein-energy concentrate on ruminal fermentation indicators of buffalo calves fed star grass forage, according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. A control treatment (0 g kg LW-1) was established and different energy-protein supplementation levels were offered daily in the diet: 3, 6 and 9 g kg LW-1. The NH3 concentration was higher (P < 0.001) for the treatments with 9, 6 and 3 g kg LW-1 (9.37, 8.54 and 8.53 mmol L-1, respectively) compared to the control (7.05 mmol L-1). There was a maximum concentration of this indicator after two hours (11.89 mmol L-1) and lower in the rest. The supplementation had effect (P < 0.001) on the increase of the SCFAt concentrations of the ruminal liquid of buffalo calves, on the bacterial biomass production, and on the organic matter fermented in the rumen. The results showthat the strategic supplementation with protein-energy concentrate, up to 9 g kg LW-1, in the diet of buffalo calves consuming low-quality star grass improved the ruminal environmental conditions, with favorable concentrations of ammonium and SCFAt for the increase of the bacterial biomass.Key words: strategic supplementation, bacterial biomass, organic matter, ruminal fermentation, forage. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/64 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/64/58

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/65 2016-08-03T17:36:54Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of discarded chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cooking on the productive response and carcass yield of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) at the fattening stage Obreg?n, J. F. Bell, C. Elenes, Iliana Estrada, A. Portillo, J. J. Rios, F. G. In order to study the effect of discarded chickpea cooking on the productive response and carcass yield of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) at the fattening stage, 300 animals (1 d of age and 9.92 ? 0.05 g) were used. The control diet was elaborated with soybean meal and ground corn grain. The discarded chickpea, raw and cooked, replaced at 60 % the soybean meal and the ground corn grain. For the discarded raw chickpea, the feed intake was 77.9 % higher (P < 0.01) than for the cooked. It improved (P < 0.01) the weight gain (220.10 vs 203.56 and 204.40 g), the slaughter weight (229.85 vs 212.49 and 214.36 g), and the carcass weight (135.77 vs 128.97 and 129.74 g), as compared with the control diet and the diet with discarded cooked chickpea, respectively. There were not differences between the discarded raw chickpea and the cooked chickpea for the feed efficiency and the carcass yield. It was concluded that the inclusion of 60 % of discarded raw chickpea in the diet, as compared with the cooked, enhances the productive response and the carcass weight, not modifying the yield in the Japanese quail at the fattening stage; thus, its boiling is not recommended in this animal category.Key words: Cicer arietinum L., quails, fattening. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/65 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/65/59

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/66 2016-08-03T17:37:24Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Substitution of corn and soybean oil by cassava meal and African palm tree oil in diets of laying hens Zacar?as, J. B. Valdivi?, Manuel Bicudo, S. J. Fourty-two White Leghorns laying hens, from the commercial Cuban hybrid L-33, were used for eight weeks during the laying peak (36 to 43 weeks of age), to assess the substitution of corn by cassava root meal (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and the crude soybean oil by crude oil of African palm tree (Elaeis guineensis J.) in the diets of laying hens. Analysis of variance was conducted, according to simple classificationdesign, with three treatments and 14 repetitions (a cage with a hen). The treatments consisted of three diets (1- corn meal + soybean oil; 2- 25 % cassava meal + African palm tree oil; 3- 53 % cassava meal + African palm tree oil), with 15.71 % CP; 3.83 % Ca and 0.36 % P available. The viability was of 100 % in all treatments. No differences were found for laying (92.21, 92.09 and 91.59 %), which surpassed the potential of this hybrid during the laying peak (90 %), conversion (118g feedstuff/egg in the three treatments), egg mass produced (3066, 3114 and 3071 g/bird) and mass conversion (1.99, 1.95 y 1.98 feed consumed/egg mass). The pigmentation of the egg yolk was reduced as the level of cassava meal increased in the diets (6, 4 and 3 at Roche?s scale), as well as the cost of the feed consumed in 56 d per hen (2.56, 2.15 and1.83 USD/bird). The possibility of substituting, totally, corn meal by that of cassava and soybean oil by that of the African palm tree in the diets of laying hens during the laying peak was determined, with positive economic effect and without damaging the productive performance of birds.Key words: cassava, African palm tree, laying hens. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/66 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/66/60

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/67 2016-08-03T17:37:56Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

The alga Sargassum spp. as alternative to reduce egg cholesterol content Carrillo, Silvia Bahena, A. Casas, M. Carranco, M. E. Calvo, C. C. ?vila, E. P?rez-Gil, F. In order to determine the effect of the addition of the sea alga Sargassum spp. on the egg cholesterol content in the diet of laying hens, 225 Leghorn hens were used at 19 weeks of age and distributed randomly into five treatments (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 % of the sea alga). The experiment lasted five weeks, during which the productive variables were recorded. The physical quality was assessed in 75 eggs per treatment. Thirty-five pieces of each treatment were collected for the analysis of the egg cholesterol (yolk + albumin) throughgas chromatography. The data were analyzed through ANOVA and the test of Tukey was applied to compare the means (P < 0.05). The results showed that with 4, 6, and 8 % of the sea alga the egg production was reduced and the yolk color was increased. The cholesterol concentrations (mg 100 g-1 fresh egg) were 416.28 (0 % sea alga), 396.77 (2 % sea alga), 363.35 (4 % sea alga), 309.05 (6 % sea alga),and 338.76 (8 % sea alga). It was concluded that the addition of 4, 6, and 8 % of the alga Sargassum spp. in the diet of laying hens reduces significantly the egg cholesterol content and affects favorably the yolk color.Key words: sea algae, eggs, lipids, hypocholesterolemic properties Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-07-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/67 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/67/61

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/68 2016-08-03T17:41:14Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Meal of cassava foliage as pigment of diets with cassava meal and oil of African oil palm for laying hens Zacar?as, J. B. Valdivi?, Manuel Bicudo, S. J. Twenty-eight White Leghorn laying hens, of the Cuban commercial hybrid L-33, were used for eight weeks within the laying peak (36 to 43 weeks of age), to evaluate the meal of root of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and the crude oil of African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis J.) as pigments of the egg yolks, out of their incorporation to the diet of laying hens during the laying peak. The birds were allocated in individualcages, with 108 g of feed/bird/d, water ad libitum, and 16 h of light. Analysis of variance was performed, according to one-way design with two treatments and fourteen repetitions (one cage with one hen). The treatments consisted of two diets (I- cassava meal + African palm oil, II- cassava meal + African oil palm + 2.5 % of cassava foliage meal). The viability was of 100 % in all the treatments. No differenceswere found for laying (91.59 and 90.10 %), which surpassed the potential of this hybrid during the laying peak (90 %), feed conversion/egg (118 and 120 g of feed/egg), mass of egg produced (3071 and 3027 g/bird) and mass conversion (1.98 and 2.00). The pigmentation of the egg yolk was doubled, by adding 2.5 % of meal of cassava foliage to the diets (3 and 6 in the scale of Roche). It was likeable to enhance the pigmentation of the egg yolk and reduce the feeding costs of the laying hens, when including 2.5 % of meal of cassava foliage to diets where the cassava meal and the oil of the African oil palm are basic sources of starch and lipids for the laying hens.Key words: eggs, cassava, pigmentation. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/68 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/68/62

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/69 2016-08-03T17:41:35Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Meal of Mucuna deeringiana forage on some physiological microbial groups and fermentative indicators of the cecum of broiler chickens Rodr?guez, Zoraya Mart?nez, Madeleidy Sarmiento, L. P?rez, Mayrulis Dihigo, Luis Enrique N??ez, Odalis Herrera, Felix Rafael Hern?ndez, Yasmila An experiment was performed according to complete random design to determine the effect of including the meal of the Mucuna deeringiana forage on some physiological microbial groups and on the fermentative indicators of the cecum of broiler chickens. Sixteen male chickens (hybrid HE21) were used at a rate of four chickens per treatment. The treatments were: the control, 5, 10, and 15 % of meal of mucunaforage to substitute the corn meal. At 42 d, the microbial groups (total bacteria, proteolytic bacteria, celullolytic bacteria, and fungi) and the fermentative indicators (SCFAt, ammonia, and pH) were determined. The total bacteria were reduced with 10 % of mucuna, and with 5 %, counts superior to 10-10 ufc mL-1 were attained. The counts of cellulolytic fungi were not affected, as compared with the control, butthey differed between 5 and 10 %, being inferior in the latter (P < 0.05), whereas the celullolytic bacteria did not show differences betweentreatments. The proteolytic bacteria were superior (P < 0.05) with 10 %, but there were not differences in respect to the control (2.91 vs 2.33 x 10-6 cfu mL-1). The pH did not vary between treatments, the concentration of SCFAt was increased with the inclusion of mucuna, and a peak (82.32 meq L-1) was reached with 10 %, whereas the NH3, with 10 and 15 % of mucuna, showed lower concentrations, as compared with the rest of the treatments (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the inclusion of the meal of M. deeringiana forage increases the production of total SCFA; and, with the highest levels, it diminishes the ammonia in the ceca. In the microbial concentrations, there was not a defined performance being in correspondence with the fermentative indicators.Key words: mucuna, cecum microorganisms, fermentation products. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/force-download https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/69 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/69/63

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/70 2016-11-02T12:57:28Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Profile of fatty acids from torula yeast (Candida utilis) grown on distiller?s vinasse. Technical note Rodr?guez, B?rbara Iben, Christie Valdivi?, Manuel Mart?nez, Mayuly The study was performed to determine the content of fatty acids (FA) from torula yeast, grown on distiller?s vinasse. The total content ofc fatty acids was 23.66 g/kg. Linoleic acid was that of highest concentration (729 mg/100 g). In respect to the FA total, in the saturated FA group, palmitic was the most representative (21 %), and in that of monounsaturated FA (22 %), it was oleic. It was concluded that the fatty acids from torula yeast, grown on vinasse, being predominant in the ether extract (1.20 %) were linoleic, oleic, and palmitic.Key words: yeasts, fatty acids, vinasse. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/70 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/70/64

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/71 2016-11-02T12:58:33Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

In vitro fermentation of the extract of Agave fourcroydes (henequen) by lactic acid bacteria Garc?a, Yanelys L?pez, Mercedes G. Bocourt, Ram?n Rodr?guez, Zoraya Ur?as-Silva, Judith Herrera, Magaly In order to determine the growth and fermentation capacity of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in presence of dried extract of Agave fourcroydes (henequen) under in vitro conditions, three strains of Bifidobacterium (B. adolescentes, B. bifidum, B. breve) and three of Lactobacillus (L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. paracasei) were selected. The commercial prebiotics Raftilosa P95, Raftiline HP, and the driedextract of A. fourcroydes, rich in oligosaccharides of fructans, were used as energy source. The MRS medium, without glucose, was used as control. Cysteine was added when necessary. Higher microbial growth (P < 0.001) and pH decrease in the medium (P < 0.001) were obtained in all the groups of bacteria in presence of dried extract of A. fourcroydes. It was superior to the sources of commercial fructans under use, with high production of organic acids. The lactic acid bacteria fermented efficiently the dried extract of A. fourcroydes, thereby being a proper probiotic candidate to be used in animal feeding. These results could generate further studies with the aim of obtaining new functional feeds, such as the symbiotics, which would enhance the effects.Key words: fructans, prebiotic, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, Agave fourcroydes. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/71 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/71/65

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/72 2016-11-02T13:00:04Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Influence of a microbial additive on the voluntary intake of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and indicators of the ruminal fermentation of goats fed Brachiaria brizantha hay Guti?rrez, Delf?n El?as, Arabel Garc?a, R. Herrera, F. Jord?n, Humberto Sarduy, Luc?a In order to assess the voluntary intake of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and indicators of the ruminal fermentation in goats fed Brachiaria brizantha hay of low nutritive quality and with the inclusion of a microbial additive in the diet called VITAFERT (a biologically active product, reach in yeasts, lactobacilla and their metabolites), four goats of the Saanen breed, with three years of age and 43 kg (17.0?0.82 kg LWPV 0.75) of average live weight were used. A 4 x 4 Latin square design was applied for 60 d of observation. The goats were cannulated in the rumen and distributed into four treatments: T1) basic diet, with B. brizantha hay + goat commercial supplement, at a rate of 6 g kg LW-1; T2, T3, T4) B. brizantha hay + goat commercial supplement and three levels of VITAFERT (4.5; 6.0 and 8.5 mL kg LW-1). These levels were added to the supplement according to the treatments at the offering time (9:00 h), different of thehay that was offered twice (8:30 and 16:30 h), at a rate of 1.2 kg animal-1 in dry basis (DB). The addition of the microbial additive in the ration, in the levels of 4.5 and 6.0 mL kg LW-1, increased (P < 0.01) the voluntary intake of DM and NDF. However, in the indicators of the ruminal fermentation studied: short chain fatty acids (CSFAt) and bacterial biomass (BB), the level 6.0 mL kg LW-1 of VITAFERT differed from the rest (P < 0.001). It is concluded that the stimulating effect of VITAFERT in the increase of DM and NDF intake depends on the dosage. The level 6.0 mL kg LW-1, together with a energy-protein supplement at a rate of 6 g kg LW-1, optimizes the system in respect to the increase of the fermentative capacity of the rumen, corresponding with the increase of the of the SCFAt and BB concentrations in goats fed Brachiaria brizantha hay of low nutritive value.Key words: Saanen, VITAFERT, yeasts and lactobacilli Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/72 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/72/66

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/73 2016-11-02T13:02:28Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Nitrogen fertilization in a psammophilous grassland of San Luis, Argentina Privitello, Liliana Lorenzoni, L. Rosa, S. T. Leporati, J. L. Frigerio, Karina Three treatments were conducted to assess and compare in psammophilous grasslands the effect of different urea doses on the DM production, as well as to determine and compare the efficiency of utilization of the nitrogen applied in an area closed to the water supply. The three treatments were implemented in spring: N0 = natural grassland burnt without fertilizer, N140 = natural grassland burnt and fertilized with140 kg of urea ha-1 and N240 = natural grassland burnt and fertilized with 240 kg of urea ha-1. Split plot design in blocks was applied (two repetitions). Cuts were performed in January and March. In each sampling unit, the dry matter production was quantified and the forage species were differentiated from the non-forages. The efficiency of nitrogen utilization emerged from the difference between the fertilized and the non-fertilized material, compared with the nitrogen applied. Factorial ANOVA was used. The factors fertilization, forage aptitude, and cut time affected the DM production (P < 0.05). The grassland had very low production of forage species (N0: 38.33 g DM m-2). The N application provoked increment in them (N140: 83.13 g MS m2 and N240: 83.33 P < 0.05), as well as in the non-forages (N0: 85.67 vs. N140: 133.83 g MS m2; P < 0.05). In March, the forage species reached the maximum production, with 240 kg of urea ha-1 (174 g DM m-2) and they surpassed the non-forages (116.33 g DM m-2). The highest efficiency in the utilization of the applied nitrogen was shown in the group of non-forage species, with 140 kg urea ha-1 (13.54 kg of DM kg of N applied-1). The fertilization with high doses of urea improved the productive condition and the receptivity of the degraded grasslands, being possible to use the forage and biomass accumulation in seasons of pasture shortage.Key words: natural grassland, degraded areas, burning, N efficiency, production. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/73 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 2 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/73/67

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/74 2016-11-02T14:46:56Z CJAS:REVART. driver

Statistical procedures most used in the analysis of measures repeated in time in the agricultural sector G?mez, Sarai Torres, Verena Garc?a, Yoleisy Navarro, J. A. In the agricultural research, situations are presented where it is difficult to use the classical linear models of analysis of variance, because the assumptions of independence, equality of variances and linearity are not fulfilled by making measures repeated in time. This paper had as object to review the statistical procedures used to analyze the designs of measures repeated in time, and determine which analyticalstrategies are more appropriate for each purpose. In this study, three types of traditionally used analyses are described: univariate variance (ANOVA), multivariate variance (MANOVA), and the recent one, the approach of mixed models. At present, it has been agreed that the latter is the most adequate and versatile, because it provides the possibility of examining data with structures of dependence, unbalance, and lack of normality. Besides, it provides a solution to the limitation of the multivariate analysis of variance in respect to the number of individuals and variables. Also, the model of random effects is described, another member of the wide spectrum of the mixed models that is used in numerous studies in the agricultural field. This approach is strengthened by the use of selection criteria of models, due to the estimation of parameters is based on methods of maximum likelihood or restricted maximum likelihood. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) and theBayesian information criterion (BIC) are described, permitting the optimum selection of competing mixed models.Key words: repeated measures, univariate analysis, multivariate analysis, mixed models, information criteria. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2013-04-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/74 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/74/68

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/75 2016-11-02T14:45:13Z CJAS:BIOM. driver

Sensibility analysis and evaluation of a simulation model to estimate the caloric balance in cattle in the humid tropics S?nchez, Berenice Mendoza, G. D. Plata, F. X. Vargas, L. Mart?nez, J. A. Arcos-Garc?a, J. L. A sensibility analysis of the model of caloric balance was performed in cattle. The factors related to the radiation (sun radiation exposure hours) were of greater influence on the estimated caloric load. The intake of energy, the liveweight, and the temperature of the humid bulb had lower effect. The rest of the variables had little effect on the outcome of the model. The estimation of the original model resulted in anexcessive caloric load (from 9.8 to 16.9 Mcal/d), which was little viable biologically, thus, the model was modified in terms of sun radiation according to the day time. Once modified, the estimations were within the range from 1.3 to 4.8 Mcal/d, which was more likeable from the biological point of view.Key words: caloric stress, environmental effect, management strategies, heat load. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/75 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/75/69

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/76 2016-11-02T14:47:43Z CJAS:BIOM. driver

Sensibility analysis of homogeneity tests of in vitro gas production curves by Monte Carlo simulation Jay, Osmany Torres, Verena Marrero, Yoandra Torres, J. P. In order to improve the ruminant feed evaluation techniques through a statistical method permitting the comparison of treatments in experiments of in vitro gas production, based on regression curves, data were collected from an experiment of in vitro gas production. The Gompertz function was fitted and the Monte Carlo simulation method was used, with the aim of analyzing the sensibility of four homogeneity tests of non-linear regression models. Thirteen new treatments were obtained, with 300 repetitions each and 280 points simulated per each repetition. The homogeneity tests were: extra sum of squares, Bayesian information criterion (BIC), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Akaike information criterion corrected (AICC). The comparison criteria were assessed withmodifications to the parameters, on the order of 1, 3, 5, and 10 %. The methodology for the comparison of the curves was based on the definition of the complete and the reduced models. The sensibility of each method was established according to the probability of fulfillment of the null hypothesis. The AICC showed higher sensibility, followed by the test of extra sum of squares. The AIC and the BIC were the least sensible. The parameter that affected the most the differences between treatments was the asymptoticcoefficient (A).Key words: extra sum of squares, information criterion,? non-linear regression, comparison of treatments. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/76 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/76/70

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/77 2016-11-02T14:54:38Z CJAS:BIOM. driver

Use of modeling to study the growth of the plant material 23 of Tithonia diversifolia Ruiz, T.E. Torres, Verena Febles, Gustavo D?az, H. Gonz?lez, J. A study was conducted under dry conditions for two years to describe, through different statistical criteria, the performance of some morphological components of the plant material 23 of Tithonia diversifolia and determine the models of best goodness of fit. The indicators were determined through the cut conducted every two weeks in the rainy and dry season. The experiment lasted 18 weeks during 2006 and 2007. The height of the tuft (cm) was measured, as well as the weight of 100 leaves, green matter (g) (weight 100 L GM), weight ofthe whole plant, green matter (g) (weight WP GM), and total weight of a linear meter (g) and green matter (total weight 1 m GM). The variables expressed in dry matter did not have proper goodness of fit in the models. Richards? model was not adequate for describing the performance of the variables. In the rainy season, the model of best fit was the linear for the tuft height and the total weight of 1 m,and the quadratic, for the weight of 100 leaves GM. The variables tuft height and total weight of 1 m reached the highest values at 18 weeks, with 174.98 cm and 4927.3 g, respectively. The maximum weight of 100 leaves GM was at 14 weeks, with 220.59 g. The weight of the whole plant weight kept increasing even at 18 weeks and reached 109.70 g. In the dry season, all the variables had significant fits for the exponential model, due to their low mean squares. The Gompertz model did not have numerical solution for the variables under analysis. The exponential dynamics showed slow performances during the first three weeks (4, 6 and 8) and increases from week 10 to 18. Since that time, they kept increasing, not reaching stable or maximum values. The total weight of 1 m GM reached more than 3000 g at 18 weeks and had considerable amount of leaves. It is concluded that the plant material 23 of Tithonia diversifolia reached the best growth characteristics during the rainy season up to week 14, while, in the dry season, its best growth was since week 10. This information allows further research related to biomass production, cutting or grazing, because performance of different plant components can be known.Key words: growth, modelling, Tithonia diversifolia. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/77 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/77/71

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/78 2016-11-02T15:01:48Z CJAS:ECON. driver

Socio-economic analysis of the introduction of the buffalo species (Bubalus bubalis) in a cattle enterprise in Cuba Cino, Delia Mar?a ?lvarez, Adri?n Ayala, Yurina Fraga, Luis Mateo Garc?a, D. Sans, Mireya Through a socio-economic research, the incidence of the introduction of the buffalo species was studied in the Cattle Enterprise ?Mac?n?, located in the Villa Clara province, Cuba. The rural participative diagnosis (RPD) was used, as well as the strategic analysis in three basic enterprise units: ?Pancho P?rez?, ?Santa Rosa? (fattening buffaloes and cattle), and ?Dorado? (dairy buffalo cows). Two participative workshops were conducted with diverse practices. Forty-six surveys were applied to workers, and seven interviews were made to enterprise and territorial officials. SAS (2007) was used to obtain contingency tables that were graphed in Statgraphic (2003). The SWOT analysis was conducted, including the strategic (cross-impact matrix) and the systemic analysis (interaction matrix). The factors were assessed in fourquadrants (power, conflict, autonomy, and output). Some economic indicators were analyzed in the buffalo fattening activity. The shortness in resources was the limiting factor, with negative consequences in the animal management, the work productivity and the social character of the activity. Certain rejection to this species was evidenced and its productive and economic advantages were highlighted. The strategic analysis showed higher score in the strengths, and the offensive position was outstanding, which allows facing external threats maximizing the strengths and the opportunities. It is of future concern that the productive staff of workers is coming of age. The introduction of buffaloesin the enterprise has propitiated a stable and promising source of employment. However, it is urgent to spread the rearing of this species and overcome the organizational and technical difficulties to attain adequate socio-economic development. The applied methodology facilitates the decisions by the officials at the enterprise level out of the socio-economic factors involved in the productive process.Key words: buffaloes, strategic analysis, socio-economy. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/78 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/78/72

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/79 2016-11-02T15:15:47Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of two feeding systems on Holstein crossbred bull carcass yield and composition Rodr?guez, Duniesky Martin, Pedro C. Alfonso, F. Tuero, O. Sarduy, Luc?a Ten Holstein crossbred bulls were selected and divided into two feeding systems with sugarcane, in order to study the effect of both on the carcass characteristics. The animals were allocated, according to random block design, into two treatments with five repetitions per treatment: A) sugarcane forage + molasses-urea 2 % + concentrate, mixed in form of complete diet, and B) sugarcane forage + molassesurea2% (mixed) + concentrate (separated, semi-complete diet). The animals were put on a 24-h fast with water ad libitum and they were weighed before taking them to the slaughterhouse. Later, they were slaughtered by the method of captive bolt stunning. The hot carcasses were weighed 4 h after the end of the dissection and remained at temperature of 4 ?C for 24 h to determine the cold carcass weight. Later, the dissection of the left carcass was conducted to determine the percentage of edible meat (first and second class), bone, and excessivefat. No differences were found for the indicators hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, yield, first and second-class meat, bone, and fat. Supplying the concentrate twice a day permitted obtaining larger amount of total meat in the carcass.Key words: cattle, carcasses, sugarcane. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/79 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/79/73

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/80 2016-11-02T17:17:41Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Influence of suckling time and calving trimester on postpartum ovary activity retake in Bufalipso crossbreds Gallego, Carlos Pe?alver, A. Quintana, Mara Ulloa, Alian Gonz?lez, Mar?a Elena Thirty-four crossbred Bufalipso (Bubalus bubalis) cows were studied. They were multiparous, and had weights and ages between 450-600 kg and 8.8-12 years, respectively. Two experimental groups were formed, according to the suckling times after the milking. The first group remained with the calves one hour after the end of the milking (A, n=17), while the second was kept six hours later (B, n=17). The second study consisted in evaluating the effect of the calving trimester on the reproductive performance. The animals that calved in June, July, and August formed the first group (T1, n=18), while the second grouped the calvings occurred in September, October, and November (T2 n= 16). Every 72 h, each ovary was diagnosed through transrectal ultra-sonography. An analysis of variance was performed, using alinear model and with adjustment of covariance for the calving number. The first dominant follicle (days), as well as the first and second corpora lutea (days) for the A and B treatments were: 15.81 and 21.11 (P < 0.05), 26.43 and 32.13 (P < 0.01) and 42.93 and 45.50 (P > 0.05), respectively. For T1 and T2, they were of 20.14 and 16.78 (P < 0.05), 45.00 and 32.56 (P < 0.05), and 58.21 and 44.23 (P < 0.05), respectively.It was concluded that the suckling effect affected the appearance of the first dominant follicle and the first corpus luteum, but did not take part in the appearance of the second, or in the reproductive interval under study. The months of September, October, and November showed, significantly, an earlier retake in all the indicators, compared with June, July, and August, respectively.Key word: reproductive intervals, ovary activity, river buffalo cows. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/80 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/80/74

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/81 2016-11-02T17:19:26Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Chemical composition, in situ rumen degradability, and in vitro digestibility of Tithonia diversifolia ecotypes of interest for ruminant feeding La O, Oreste Gonz?lez, H. Castillo, Y. Ruiz, O. Estrada, A. Rios, F. Guti?rrez, E. Bernal, H. Valenciaga, Dayki Castro, Beatriz I. Hern?ndez, Yasmila An experimental sequence was performed with nine ecotypes of Tithonia diversifolia (3, 5, 6, 10, 13, 17, 23, 24, and 25) to determine chemical composition, in situ rumen effective degradability (ED) of dry matter (DM), and in vitro apparent and true digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, and ADF. Times of 6, 12, 36, 48, and 72 h were used for the degradability study. The kinetic performance was characterized by rise in the dynamics of DM disappearance, whereas the rumen effective DM degradability had values between 26.29 and 86.55 % fordifferent rumen turnover constants. The fit of the data of in situ rumen degradability to the model proposed showed R2 superior to 0.89. In the ecotypes under study, the estimates of DM and OM apparent digestibility (IVDMAD and IVOMAD) kept values inferior to the true digestibility of both constituents (IVDMTD and IVOMTD). The values of IVDMAD were within the range from 72.25 to 79.77 %, and those of IVOMAD were from 57.71 to 66.20 %, as compared with the values of IVDMTD and IVOMTD, which ranged from 81.08 to 85.66 %, and from 65.27 to 70.22 % respectively. There were differences between each of the plant materials per indicator (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). The chemical composition analysis results of the in situ DM rumen degradability and the in vitro apparent and true digestibility of the DM, OM, NDF, and ADF of the ecotypes of T. diversifolia suggest their nutritional value. However, physiological studies are requiredto link the cut frequency, the level of inclusion of these ecotypes, the degree of utilization of the nutrients by the animal and the effect of some secondary metabolites on the physiological and productive responses of the plant.Key words: in situ rumen degradability, digestibility, chemical composition, T. diversifolia. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/81 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/81/75

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/82 2016-11-02T17:29:11Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Assessment of in vitro ensilability of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grains, sole or mixed with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grains Gonz?lez, L. A. Hoedtke, Sandra Castro, A. Zeyner, Annette Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grains are alternative feedstuffs for pigs in the tropics. However, ensilage as a method for conservation has to be investigated. Ripe grains of cowpea (CWP) and jack bean (JBN) were chemically analyzed and ensilability was tested by the Rostock Fermentation Test (RFT). The buffering capacity (BC) was 8.9, 6.3 and 3.1 g lactic acid (LA)/100 g DM for JBN, CWP and sorghum (SOR), respectively. For RFT, 50 g milled grains were incubated with 200 mL of deionized water (30 ?C). Variants were performed in triplicate: control without additive, molasses (MOL, 4 %), Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB, 3x105 cfu/g), MOL+LAB. As well, SOR was mixed with legume grains. At 0, 14, 18, 22, 26 and 38 h pH was measured and filtrates were analyzed for LA, volatile fatty acids, alcohol and NH3 after 38 h. The lowest pH (P < 0.05) at 38 h was determined for JBN+LAB+MOL, JBN+LAB+SOR, CWP+LAB, CWP+LAB+MOL and CWP+LAB+SOR. For the variants CWP+LAB and CWP+LAB+MOL the highest LA production (P < 0.05) and the lowest levels of acetic and butyric acid as well as NH3 were determined (P < 0.05). RFT revealed the necessity of LAB inoculation and addition of molasses for a sufficient acidification. Mixed silages are an option to be used when SORgrains have to be harvested at high moistures.Key words: Jack bean, cowpea, sorghum, in vitro ensilability, Rostock Fermentation Test Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/82 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/82/76

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/83 2016-11-02T17:34:28Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Torula yeast (Candida utilis) on distiller?s vinasse in growing pig diets Mora, Luis Marino Lezcano, Pedro Hidalgo, Katia Rodr?guez, B?rbara Twenty-four Yorkshire-Landrace x Yorkshire growing pigs, of 98 d of age and 25.5 kg of liveweight were used to evaluate the substitution of imported soybean meal by torula yeast (Candida utilis), produced at national scale on distiller?s vinasse. The animals were allocated individually, according to completely randomized design. They were distributed into three treatments (0, 34 %, and 66 % of protein substitution), with eight repetitions each. There was not significant effect of the yeast level on the daily weight gain, the final liveweight and the feed conversion. The results suggested that up to 66 % of the protein from soybean can be substituted in this swine category. Studies are recommended to permit higher level of inclusion, as well as economic and environmental evaluations.Key words: yeasts, pigs, vinasse. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/83 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/83/77

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/84 2016-11-02T17:37:04Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Utilization of fish silos in the semi-humid diet formulation for red tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus) Llanes, J. Toledo, J. Sav?n, Lourdes Guti?rrez, Odilia The effect of two semi-humid diets, formulated with silages (chemical and biological) from red tilapia slicing residues, as only animal protein source, was assessed on the feeding of red tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus). Thus, one-way classification models were applied with three repetitions. The physical stability of the diets was determined by dry matter loss and protein lixiviation after water immersion. The in vivo digestibility was calculated by the indirect method with chromium oxide III as inert marker. The feces collection was carried out using a siphon at the bottom of the tanks. The growth bioassay was conducted for 60 d, with 270 sex-reversed fingerlings (all-male) of 6.0 + 0.01 g of weight as initial average. Satisfactory losses of dry matter (11.4 and 10.9 %) and protein lixiviation (16.4 and 15.9 %) were found in the experimental rations, which differed from the control (5.1 and 4.7 %). The lowest protein digestibility was reported in the diet with biological silage (86.8 %), differing (P < 0.01) from the chemical (89.4 %) and the control (88.7 %). The productive performance showed that there were not significant differences in the final weights (30.0; 29.9 and 29.6 g), the feed conversion (1.5; 1.5and 1.6) and protein efficiency (1.8; 1.9 and 1.8) in fish fed silages and fish meal. The survival was high for all the treatments (higher than 95 %). It was evidenced that the semi-humid diets, based on silages from tilapia slicing residues, are as efficient in the productive performanceof red tilapias as the commercial feeds with fishmeal, which represents a feeding alternative for cultures of this species.Key words: feeding, alternative diets, fish silage, tilapia. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/84 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/84/78

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/85 2016-12-05T16:11:12Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed meal on total cholesterol and fatty acids of laying hen eggs Mart?nez, Y. Valdivi?, Manuel Solano, G. Estarr?n, Mirna Mart?nez, O. C?rdoba, J. In order to evaluate the effect of four levels of inclusion (0, 3.3, 6.6 and 10 %) of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed meal on total cholesterol and fatty acids in laying hen eggs, one hundred and sixty White Leghorn (L-33 Hybrid) hens were allocated at the laying peak for 91 d, according to completely randomized design. One-way analysis of variance was applied, except for the ether extract concentration, usingthe factorial analysis with four treatments and 20 repetitions. The ether extract concentration in the egg was increased by effect of the laying weeks and the levels of inclusion of pumpkin seed meal (31.90 to 36.15 %). This oilseed enriched the egg with the fatty acids octadecanoic (152 to 450 mg/100 g), oleic (1282 to 1918 mg/100 g), linoleic (22 to 667 mg/100 g), and ?-linolenic (457 to 649 mg/100 g); whereas itreduced the amount of arachidonic acid (62 to 50 mg/100 g). There was lower ratio of saturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.18 to 0.13) and omega 6/omega 3 (7.65 a 6.47). Also, the inclusion of this feed diminished the total cholesterol in 28, at 30 mg/egg, in respect to the control. Including up to 10 % of pumpkin seed meal in the laying hen diets is recommended to increase the content of ether extract and the beneficial fatty acids and reduce the total cholesterol and the harmful fatty acids in the eggs.Key words: fatty acids, cholesterol, eggs, seeds, pumpkin. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/85 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/85/79

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/86 2016-12-05T16:37:40Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Research on plant species for animal feeding in two mountainous regions of the Guantanamo province ?lvarez, Adri?n Sav?n, Lourdes Dur?n, F. G?nz?lez, R. Guti?rrez, Odilia Mora, P. O. Techniques of participative diagnosis for the identification and selection of promising species were used to conduct a prospective study of phytogenetic resources with animal feeding potential in two mountainous regions of Guantanamo province. Semi-structured surveys were made to farmers of this region, and a panel was created with the participation of nine experts on animal feeding and nutrition. The statisticalanalysis of the data was performed through contingency tables and the comparison of chi square proportions (?2). The species most used in animal feeding were the leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena), Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia), Guazuma ulmifolia (bastard cedar), and Brosimum alicastrum Swarts (breadnut), but also the fruit of Pithecellobium dulce (Madras thorn) as another alternative. The principal supply forms in El Salvador municipality were fresh forage (90 %) to housed animals (92 %) and daily grazing (85 %), from eight to ten hours, on species of the Panicum and Paspalum genera in gardens, backyards, or fallow or arable lands, considered as areas of littlemanagement. In the Baracoa municipality, the plant most (78%) used in animal feeding is coconut (Cocos nucifera). Sheep and goats are the ones consuming plant varieties the most (70 %). It was concluded that El Salvador and Baracoa municipalities, in Guantanamo province, have important species of high forage potential, able of complementing animal feeding in this area. In the Baracoa municipality, compared with El Salvador, there was lower use of the phytogenetic resources, as alternative source of animal feeding.Key words: participative diagnosis, forage trees, animal feeding. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/86 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/86/80

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/87 2016-12-05T16:59:19Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Vegetative and reproductive behavior of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk under different shade levels Carrillo, P. H. M. Alonso, Jatnel Santos, L.T. D. Sampaio, R. A. A field trial was conducted to study the morphological, productive, and reproductive characteristics of signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk), cultivated at 30 and 50 % shade and full sunlight. For the shade trials, black polyethylene was used because it retains the incident light. Biomass production (t ha-1), percentage of dry mass/plant (%), plant height (cm), number of plants/m2, weight of roots/plant (g/plant), index of specific foliar area (cm2/g), number of spikes/ha, and seed production (t ha-1) were assessed. The biomass production and the number of plants/m2 were similar in all the trials. In the shade environments, the plants had lower percentage of dry mass (22.01 and 23.24 %) and they differed (P < 0.05) from the trial at full sunlight (25.38 %). The shade levels (50 and 30 %) stimulated the root growth (7.31 and 4.59 g/plant), contrary to the plants at full sunlight (2.80 g/plant). The height and the index of specific foliar area reached higher values (72.80 cm and 111.62 cm2/g), with 50 % shade and they differed from the rest of the trials. The number of spikes/ha did not show differences between the trials, and varied between 344 and 621 thousands. The seed production was higher (P < 0.05) with 50 % shade and reached 0.054 t ha-1 in the first productive cycle. Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk had favorable performance in the different shade levels. The further evaluation of the seed production potential in this species is recommended under the conditions of this study, with larger number of productive cycles.Key words: shaded pasture, pasture ecophysiology, systems ILPF, signal grass. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/87 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/87/81

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/88 2016-12-05T17:19:52Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Performance of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Likoni) forage area according to the population of wire grass (Sporobolus indicus L.) Paduilla, C?sar Sardi?as, Yurangel Febles, Gustavo Curbelo, F. The influence of wire grass (Sporobolus indicus. L) (0, 2, 4 and 6 plants/m2) on yield, cost and quality of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Likoni) biomass was studied in a calcic ferralic soil, through a completely random design and ten repetitions. The wire grass height did not vary with the increase of its population and the area of the soil covered was increased (P < 0.001). There was an inverse ratio(r = -0.88) (P < 0.001) between Guinea grass yield and wire grass population. The forage cost increased from 25.21 to 78.63 pesos, for 0 and 6 plants of wire grass/m2, respectively. The chemical composition of the soil did not vary with the treatments. The highest wire grass population produced lower (P < 0.05) content of organic matter digestibility (OMD) and Ca (P < 0.01). There was no effect on the chemical composition of Guinea grass. In the wire grass, only CP and P were lower (P < 0.01) with the population increase. It is concluded that the increase of wire grass population diminished the Guinea grass yield, elevated the cost of biomass production and altered some indicators of forage quality. Further studies on the possible effects of wire grass population on biomass quality of improved pastures are recommended.Key words: Panicum maximum, Sporobolus indicus, weeds population, yield, cost Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/88 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/88/82

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/89 2016-12-05T17:22:48Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Nutritive assessment of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa in the climatic conditions of the Cauto Valley, Cuba Verdecia, D. M. Herrera, Rafael Segundo Ram?rez, J. L. Leonard, I. Bodas, R. Andr?s, S. Gir?ldez, F. J. ?lvarez, Y. L?pez, S. In a random block design with six replicates, the influence of the regrowth age (30 to 75 d) and the climatic factors were evaluated in the nutritive quality of the pasture Panicum maximum cv Mombasa. The experiment was conducted in the trimesters January-February-March (dry season) and May-June-July (rainy season), on soil of the brown type with carbonate, without irrigation or fertilization. The highestcorrelations were between the indicators quality and age, mean temperature, maximum relative humidity and rainfall. The equations of linear regression during the rainy season had R2 that varied between 0.97 and 0.99. DM, NDF, cellulose, hemicellulose, and in situ digestibility were outstanding. The lowest standard errors of estimation were obtained in NDF, cellulose, and hemicellulose. It is concluded that the regrowth age and the climatic conditions had marked effect on the nutritive value. Further studies on these indicators are recommended in different types of soils, in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Cauto Valley, with the aim of having more information available.Key words: Panicum maximum, nutritive quality, climatic factors. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/89 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/89/83

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/90 2016-12-05T17:24:54Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Establishment of Leucaena leucocephala with high sowing density under coconut (Cocus nucifera) tree Anguiano, J. M. Aguirre, J. Palma, J. M. A study was conducted on a soil with loamy-sandy texture to assess the agronomic, physiological and productive performance of Leucaena leucocephala in high sowing density under coconut tree. A random block design was used with factorial fit. The factors analyzed were: sowing density, with three levels of 40, 60 and 80 thousand plants of leucaena/ha, and tree age, at 5, 40, 55, 70, 85 and 100 d, with three replicates. The sowing was conducted on February 2009, at depth from 2 to 3 cm. The seeds were scarified and inoculated with rhizobium and mycorrhizae. After 20 d the tree emerged, the treatments were fertilized with the formula 00-20-10-20, provided by diatom land in dosages of 700 kg/ha. The manual control of weeds in the area was conducted. In all the variables studied there was interaction effect (P < 0.001). The best values found at 100 d of age were for the treatment with 80 thousand plants of leucaena/ha in stem diameter (1.27 cm), dry weight of leaves (49.54 g), dry weight of plant (72.61 g), biomass production (6159 kg/ha), productive rate (61.59 kg DM/d/ha) and water use efficiency (6.84 kg DM/m3). These numbers were statistically similar to those obtained with 60 thousand plants of leucaena/ha, for plantheight (133.67 and 138.28 cm) and number of leaves (23.94 and 24.72). The sowing of 80 thousand plants of leucaena/ha associated with coconut tree, as high density system, could be proposed as alternative for intensifying the agrosilvopastoral systems in the tropical area.Key words: leucaena, multiestratum, intensification, biomasa, grazing. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2012-03-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/90 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 No. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 46 Núm. 1 (2012): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/90/84

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/91 2016-12-05T17:26:16Z CJAS:REVART. driver

Soil organic matter performance in grasslands Crespo, Gustavo An updated review was conducted to discuss knowledge on soil organic matter (SOM) performance in tropical pastures. Among the main factors affecting the amount and the characteristics of the SOM in these ecosystems, there were the leaf litter, the management intensity, the grassland degradation, the pasture root system, the earthworm population, the physical properties of the soil, its use, and the nature of the organic matter. Besides, an analysis was performed about C sequestration in the soil and the ways for increasing it, and diminishing the greenhouse effect magnitude. The main international trends were assessed as to SOM research.Key words: SOM, grasslands, tropics, C catch. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/91 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/91/85

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/92 2016-12-13T14:16:58Z CJAS:BIOM. driver

Models to estimate the growth dynamics of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-169 Rodr?guez, Lourdes Torres, Verena Mart?nez, Ram?n Omar Jay, Osmany Noda, Aida C. Herrera, Magaly Different regression models were used to study the growth dynamics of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-169 through the agronomic variables accumulated yield of dry matter, percentage of leaves, and plant height. The data of the experiments were from the Pastures Department at the Institute of Animal Science. Every 14 d, data of the pasture biomass accumulation were collected at twelve cut ages during the rainy season, and at ten ages in the dry season, without fertilization or irrigation. Three linear models (one-way, quadratic, and cubic) and three non-linear (logistic, Gompertz, and exponential) were fitted. Four statistical criteria were applied to select the models of best goodness of fit. The models accounted for most of the total variability, with coefficients of determination superior to 89 %, minimum residual variance, significant parameters and adequate values for the rest of the criteria. The models of best fit in the rainy season were the Gompertz, for the accumulated yield of dry matter and the height, and the exponential, for the leaf percentage. In the dry season, that of best fit was the logistic, for the accumulated yield of dry matter and the height; and the one-way linear, for the leaf percentage. In the conditions of this study, the forage cut at 70 and 106 d of age is recommended in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Deepening into the performance of the bromatological indices is suggested, as well as validating the proposed models in further researches to simulate the response of this pasture to different conditions.Key words: regression models, growth dynamics, Cuba CT-169, goodness of fit. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/92 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/92/86

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/93 2016-12-13T14:29:42Z CJAS:GEN. driver

Genetic assessment of the dairy cattle Mambi de Cuba Hern?ndez, Arelis Ponce de Le?n, Raquel Garc?a, Sonia M. Guzm?n, Gladys Mora, Marta Records, between 1980 and 2006, of dairy females of the Mambi de Cuba breed (3/4 Holstein 1/4 Zebu), from four cattle rearing units were used to estimate the parameters and genetic tendencies of the growth traits up to reproduction (17 434 heifers), milk yield (50 420 lactations of 20 687 cows), reproduction (16 526 reproductive events of 5 881 cows), longevity (11 338 cows), survival and permanence (12 865 cows). A univariate animal model was used for estimating heritability, repeatability and breeding values, including the year-four month period-herd combination and the calving year as linear and quadratic co-variable as fixed effects, and the permanent environment and error as random effects. The heritabilities had values from moderate to low, with higher estimates for the weight per incorporation age (WIA) (0.20), calving interval (CI) (0.06), milk yield up to 244 d (M244) and 305 d (M305) (0.15), fat percentage (FP) (0.19), calving number (CN) (0.06) and 18 months of productive life (S18) (0.05). The highest repeatability estimate was for M244 y M305, with 0.42. The genetic tendencies for WIA, CI, M305, productive life (PL) and P36 were of 0.02 ? 0.01 g/d/year, -1.53 ? 0.16 d/year, -2.52 ? 1.10 kg/year, 0.05 ? 0.03 months/year and 0.0004 ? 0.0002 months/year, respectively. It was concluded that there was no change in the population means because the genetic tendencies had low values (between 0.001 and 0.31 % of the mean), due to the instability of the progeny tests and to the little female selection.Key words: longevity, Mambi de Cuba, parameters, genetic tendencies, milk yield, reproduction. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/93 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/93/87

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/94 2016-12-13T14:46:52Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Growth performance and carcass characteristics in finishing feedlot heifers fed different levels of chromium-enriched live yeast or fed zilpaterol hydrochloride Vald?z-Garc?a, Yissel S. Aguilera-Soto, J. I. Barreras, A. Estrada-Angulo, A. G?mez-Vazquez, A. Plascencia, A. Reyes, Julio J. Stuart, Justiniano Torrentera, Noem? G. Sixty crossbred heifers (371 ? 7 kg) were used in a 63-d feeding trial (4 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design) to evaluate the influence of dietary supplementation with zilpaterol hydrochloride (?-agonist) or with different levels of chromium-enriched live yeast (Cr-YC) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Heifers were fed a diet based on steam-flaked corn (1.45 Mcal of net energy of gain, NEg kg-1). Treatments were: 1) control, no yeast, no zilpaterol supplementation (Ctrl); treatments 2, 3 and 4) were the same basal diet supplemented with a commercial Cr-YC for a final dose of 10, 20 or 30 g hd-1 d-1 of yeast strain, and 5) the same basal diet (Ctrl) supplemented with 6 mg of zilpaterol kg-1 of feed for 30 d (ZIL), drug withdrawn from the diet 3 d pre-harvest. Compared with controls, ZIL increased final weight (3.8 %, P < 0.03), carcass-adjusted daily gain (18.7 %, P = 0.05), apparent dietary net energy of maintenance (14 %, P < 0.01), and decreased observed/expected DMI (14 %, P < 0.01). Treatment with ZIL did not affect (P < 0.13) marbling score, but, compared with control group, increased carcass dressing percentage (2.6 %, P = 0.01), and reduced (P = 0.02) kidney, pelvic and heart fat (KPH, 19.8 %) and fat thickness (9.4 %) and tended (5.9 %, P = 0.06) to increase Longissimus muscle area. Compared with Cr-YC treatments, ZIL increased apparent dietary NEm (P = 0.03) and dressing percentage (P < 0.01), and decreased observed/expected DMI (P = 0.03) and KPH (P=0.04). Treatment with Cr-YC did not affect carcass characteristics, but compared with control, Cr-YC supplementation tended to increase final BW (P = 0.08), ADG (0.09), fed:gain ratio (F:G, P = 0.08) and dietary NE (P = 0.06). Level of supplemental Cr-YC increased (linear component, P ? 0.04) final BW, ADG, F:G, apparent dietary NEm, and decreased (P = 0.02) observed/expected DMI. Level of supplemental Cr-YC did not affect (P ? 0.33) dressing percentage, LM area or marbling score, but, fat thickness and KPH decreased (P = 0.02) as Cr-YC level supplementation increase. DMI and HCW tended (P ? 0.08) to increase with increasing Cr-YC supplementation level. It is concluded that, zilpaterol supplementation increase growth performance in heifers as results of greater muscle accretion and for reduction of body fat. Chromium-enriched yeast supplementation increase growth performance and dietary NE, with modest effect in carcass characteristics. Better responses were observed at level of Cr-YC supplementation of 30 g hd-1 d-1 that corresponds to daily intakes of 1.65 ? 1011 colony forming units and 15 mg chromium.Key words: finishing cattle, ?-agonist, direct-fed microbials, feed efficiency, carcass traits. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-11-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/94 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/94/88

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/95 2016-12-13T14:50:08Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Characterization of carcasses of Holstein upgraded bulls fed complete diets of forage from sugarcane and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-115 Ruiz, Duniesky Martin, Pedro C. Tuero, O. Sarduy, Luc?a Fifteen Holstein upgraded bulls were selected from sugarcane feeding systems to characterize their carcasses. The treatments consisted in susbtituting partially the surgarcane forage by forage of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-115 in the following percentages: A) without addition of CT- 115, B) 11.5 % of forage of CT-115, and C) 23 % of forage of CT-115. The animals were allocated according to random block design, into three treatments, with liveweights of 436, 433, and 431 kg, respectively. They were weighted before slaughtering and they were left 24 h at fast with ad libitum water. Later, they were slaughtered by the method of captive bolt stunning. The hot carcasses were weighted four hours after the end of the dissection and they remained at temperature of 4 ?C for 24 h to determine the weight of the cold carcass. Later, the left carcass was dissected to determine the percentage of edible meat (first and second), bones and excessive fat. There were not differences for the indicators hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, yield, first and second class meat, bone, and fat. It was concluded that the inclusion of forage of CT-115 in complete sugarcane diets had no effect on the carcass indicators under study.Key words: cattle, carcasses, sugarcane. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/95 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/95/89

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/96 2016-12-13T14:50:37Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Classification of dairy units belonging to the Basic Units of Cooperative Production in Ciego de Avila, Cuba Mart?nez-Melo, J. Jord?n, Humberto Torres, Verena Guevara, G. Hern?ndez, N. Brunett, L. Fontes, Dayam? Mazorra, C. Lezcano, Yohanka Cubillas, Nieves A case study was performed to classify the dairy units belonging to the Basic Units of Cooperative Production (UBPC) of the Ciego de Avila province, Cuba. A data matrix was created with physical, productive, and efficiency variables in 72 dairy farms. Principal components (PC) and hierarchical clusters methods were used for the formation of the clusters. Eight PC accounted for 87.7 % of the variance. The amount of cows and the milk yield accounted for 23.1 % of the variance in the PC1; and the dimension of the farm and the efficiency in the land use accounted for 19 % in the PC2. Six clusters of dairy farms were obtained. The 1 included 80.5 % of the cases and had lower total production, with 33.7 thousands of L, only 2.8 % of areas with improved pastures, 3 % with forages, and 242 L/ha. The cluster 3 with two cases, and the 4 with six, had higher efficiency, with 522 and 400 L/ha and 39.8 and 53.9 % of areas with improved pastures, respectively. Six clusters of dairy systems were classified according to the amount of cows, the annual milk yield, the land use efficiency, and the quality of the feeding basis. The dairy system based on natural pastures was predominant with lower efficiency, where the control of indices of sustainability should be applied and strategies of technological management should be elaborated.Key words: milk yield, dairy farms, multivariate analysis, efficiency. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/96 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/96/90

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/97 2016-12-13T14:57:17Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Typification of the cattle farms in the mountain feet of Los R?os and Cotopaxi provinces of the Republic of Ecuador Vargas, J. Ben?tez, D. Torres, Verena Vel?zquez, F. Erazo, O. In order to establish tools for adopting sustainable alternatives for cattle production in the tropical mountain foot of the Republic of Ecuador, a participative non-experimental research system was developed in the Los R?os and Cotopaxi provinces. The methodologies of Ben?tez et al. (2000) and Torres (2005) were applied, as well as others of participative diagnosis. The sample included 60 farms, representing 30 % of those with more than five hectares, devoted to cattle rearing in the region. The cattle systems were typified and their effects on the environment were identified, as well as the needs for their sustainable development. The environmental degradation was associated with the application of production alternatives non-suitable to the environmental characteristics and to the absence of an adequate innovation management system, which considers the social and cultural situation. Three groups of farms were identified, being differentiated by the productive purpose, the land slope, the surface area under exploitation, the herd size and the mechanization level. The alternatives applied did not differ, except in few mechanized farms. Out of the demands identified, solutions were defined for sustainable cattle production. The methodology for the participative rural innovation and the sustainable cattle production of the region was adjusted. This methodology is recommended for the tropical mountain foot of the Republic of Ecuador, as long as the necessary controls are guaranteed to adjust the technologies to the corresponding conditions.Key words: typification, farms, productive efficiency, technological alternatives, multivariate analysis, mountain foot. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/97 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/97/91

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/98 2016-12-13T15:20:31Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Dynamic classification of the dairy cooperative sectors in the Ciego de Avila province, Cuba Mart?nez-Melo, J. Torres, Verena Jord?n, Humberto Guevara, G. Hern?ndez, N. Brunett, L. Fontes, Dayam? Mazorra, C. Lezcano, Yohanka Cubillas, Nieves The productive records of each cooperative sector in all the municipalities, from 2002 to 2009, were obtained for classifying dynamically each cooperative sector of the Ciego de Avila province, Cuba. The methods of principal components (PC) and clusters were combined to classify the cooperative sectors. The amount of animals, total milk yield, births and deaths, explaining between 51.3 and 65.7 % of the total variance, were included in the first PC. Four groups of cooperative sectors were obtained for the years classified. In 2009, group 1 only included the cooperative sectors where producers work together: no land owners (C1) and land owners with only 107207 L a year (C2). Groups 2, 3 and 4 included 60, 83.3 and 100 % of the cooperative sectors, respectively. In them, the producers owned the land, worked individually and (C3) had higher milk yield. Group 4 was outstanding with 1 833 500 L. It is concluded that, in time, the cooperative sectors C3 separated from C1 and C2. Those groups where the cooperative sectors C1 and C2 predominated had lower amount of animals and milk yield. However, when the percentage of the cooperative sectors C3 increased in the groups, the results were superior, indicating the productive potentialities of the latter.Key words: milk yield, multivariate analysis, cooperative production. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/98 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/98/92

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/99 2016-12-13T15:21:04Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of four mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) varieties on microbial population and fermentative products with rumen liquid from river buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) under in vitro conditions Gonz?lez, Niurca Galindo, Juana Aldana, Ana Irma Moreira, Onidia Sarduy, Luc?a The effect of four mulberry (Morus alba Linn) varieties on the microbial population and fermentative products was determined under in vitro conditions, using rumen liquid from river buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). An in vitro fermentation was developed to evaluate five treatments: 1) 100 % of star grass (SG) (Cynodon nlemfuensis) (control), 2) SG + 30 % Cuban variety, 3) SG + 30 % Acorazonada variety, 4) SG + 30 % Tigreada variety and 5) SG + 30 % Indonesia variety. The culture and count of total viable, cellulolytic, proteolytic, amylolytic, and methanogenic bacteria and fungi were performed. Also, the count of protozoa was conducted, as well as the pH measurement and the determination of the ammonia concentration. A completely randomized design was applied with 5 x 3 factorial fit for the counts of bacteria and fungi, and with 5 x 5 for the indicators pH, ammonia concentration, and count of protozoa. The inclusion of the different mulberry varieties did not affect the populations of total viable, proteolytic, and celullolytic bacteria and fungi. At eight hours of fermentation, the treatment with the Acorazonada variety showed the lowest counts of methanogens (1.96 x 109 cfu.mL-1) compared with those including the Cuban, Tigreada, and Indonesia varieties (3.75, 3.99 and 3.70 x 109 cfu?mL-1, respectively). The counts of protozoa were superior for the Cuban variety (1.04 x 104 cel?mL-1). The pH declined, regardless the treatment, with the fermentation time, although it was always closed to neutrality. The concentration of ammonia was similar for all the treatments. It was concluded that the inclusion of 30 % of the mulberry varieties: Acorazonada, Cuban, Tigreada, and Indonesia did not affect the fiber-degrading populations or the end products of the rumen fermentation.Key words: rumen microorganisms, methanogens, river buffaloes, mulberry. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/99 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/99/93

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/100 2016-12-13T20:24:52Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of protein-energy supplementation on in situ rumen degradability of NDF and OM of star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) L?pez, Jos? Ra?l El?as, Arabel Delgado, Denia G?nz?lez, R. Sarduy, Luc?a Dom?nguez, Marbelis Four male buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) of the Bufalipso breed were used to evaluate the effect of the supplementation with different amounts of protein-energy concentrate on the in situ rumen microbial degradation of NDF and OM of star grass forage. The animals had 175 ? 5 kg of liveweight and were fitted with rumen cannula, according to 4 x 4 Latin square design. Four treatments were used with different amounts of energy-protein supplementation in the diet: 0 (control), 3, 6, and 9 g kg LW-1, given once a day. The rumen degradationof the NDF and the OM of the forage showed the highest values (P < 0.05) with the rise of the incubation time for the treatments with protein-energy supplementation compared with the control, since 24 h. The supplementation had effect on the increment of the degradation rate of the NDF (0.018, 0.027, 0.029 and 0.030 fraction h-1) and on the decline of the colonization time or lag phase (2.8, 2.2, 2.1, 2.0 h) for the treatments with 0, 3, 6, and 9 g kg LW-1, respectively, whereas the degradation rate of the OM was higher in the treatments with supplementation (2.8, 2.6, 2.2) for 9, 6, 3 g kg LW-1 compared with the treatment without supplementation (1.9). The effective degradability of the forage for the NDF and the OM was higher in the treatments with supplementation compared with the control. Equations of multiple regression were established permitting to describe the process of degradation of DM, NDF, and OM with the NDF N-1 consumed ratio in the diet and the time (t) in rumen. The results prove the positive effect of the supplementation with increasing amounts of concentrate up to 9 g kg LW-1 in the diet of buffalo calves fed star grass. This could contribute to the rise in the productive activity of the buffalo calves in current rearing conditions.Key words: buffalo calves, rumen degradability, supplementation. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/100 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/100/94

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/101 2016-12-13T15:21:36Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Utilization of proteinic sugarcane meal in the feeding of juvenile red tilapia Botello, A. Cisneros, M. V. Viana, Mar?a T. Valdivie, Manuel Pulles, E. T?llez, E. Silvera, G. S. Valera, Y. Angulo, I. G. Rodriguez, A. B. Rodr?guez, R. B. Corr?a, Kirenia P. In order to determine the biological response of juvenile red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), fed different levels of inclusion of proteinic sugarcane meal (PSM), four isoprotein diets were formulated with different levels of PSM inclusion (T0:0 %; T6:6 %; T8:8 %, and T10:10 %). Six hundred young red tilapias with average initial weight of 4.16 ? 0.01 g were fed for 60 d. They were spread in a completely randomized design of five rectangular cages per treatment (0.256 m3; 0.8 ? 0.8 ? 0.4 m), suspended on a circular concrete pond (8 m diameter and 2 m height), with 30 fishes per cage. They were determined final weight, daily weight increase, protein efficiency rate, feed conversion factor, and survival. There were not significant differences between the treatments as to growth indicators and feed utilization. Survival showed values of 99 %. It was concluded that the PSM can be included in the diets of juvenile red tilapia up to 10 %, not affecting the bio-productive indicators.Key words: proteinic sugarcane meal, red tilapia. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/101 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/101/95

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/102 2016-12-13T14:49:36Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Physicochemical composition and digestibility of silages from fishery residues in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Llanes, J. B?rquez, A. Toledo, J. Physicochemical composition and in vivo digestibility of chemical and biological silages of fishery residues were determined in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Linnaeus 1758). The chemical silage was prepared with 2 % of sulfuric acid, 98 and 1 % of formic acid (p/v), and the biological with 12 % beet sugar and 3 % yogurt (Lactobacillus bulgaris (p/p)). The fishes (141.64 + 28.68 g of average weight and 25.91+ 1.70 cm length) were randomly distributed, according to one-way model, into three triplicate treatments (a diet of reference and two experimental diets with each silage). Chromium oxide was used as inert indicator. Feces were collected by decantation in cylinder-conic tanks, of the type Guelph modified. The chemical composition showed that the protein contents of the silages (52.1 y 38.3 %) diminished (P < 0.001) compared with the fresh residues (60.2 %), due to the addition of preservatives in the end product. The digestibility of the nutrients differed according to the silage type. Protein was higher (P < 0.001) in the chemical silage (86.1 %), whereas dry matter (80.34 %), lipids (98.65 %), phosphorus (56.5 %), and energy (87.28 %) were higher in the biological. Ash digestibility did not differ between the silages (51.1 and 54.1 %). It is concluded that the silages of fishery residues varied their chemical composition, but did not change their nutritional value, thereby being an alternative protein source in the formulation of rations for the Atlantic salmon.Key words: digestibility, fishery silages, salmon, nutritive value Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/102 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/102/96

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/103 2016-12-13T20:25:44Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Potential soil erosion assessment through the CORINE methodology in cattle districts of the Mayabeque province, Cuba Vega, Marina B. Febles, J. M. Tol?n, A. Lastra, X. A methodology included in the CORINE software (1992) was applied to evaluate soil erosion qualitatively. The application was performed in the cattle districts of Guayabal and Nazareno, located in the Mayabeque province. This methodology takes into account all the factors, included in thematic maps affecting objectively soil erosion. Each of the maps illustrates the space performance of the different erosion factors in the districts under view. Their summary, through the Geographical Information System (GIS) technology, permitted obtaining a potential erosion map, where the susceptibility to water erosion was represented per classes. The maps of the indices of erodibility and erosivity and the topographic were obtained, and, out of them, that of potential erosion. This latter was evaluated as of low category in the Guayabal cattle district, and as of moderate and high category, in the Nazareno cattle district. It was proved that, although the rain erosivity is the same in both districts, the landscape, rougher in the Nazareno district, controls the potential erosion.Key words: potential soil erosion, cartography of factors, geographic information system Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/103 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/103/97

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/104 2016-12-13T20:26:13Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Effect of the plantation of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-115 on the variation of the physico-chemical properties of the soils in the Picadura farm, Cuba Crespo, Gustavo Otero, L?zara It was studied the effect of the plantation of the P. purpureum cv. CUBA CT-15 pasture by the plowing method and perpendicular to the slope, in the physico-chemical properties of the brown calcic carbonated lithic and brown calcic carbonated soils, in the unit 123 of the Picadura farm, in the Mayabeque province, Cuba. The properties analyzed were: texture (T), humidity (H), apparent density (AD), changeable cations (CC), and bases interchange capacity (BIC) at different depths. The results were determined the central trend statistics: mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Student?s t-test was used for the comparison of the means. In the brown calcic carbonated lithic soil, after the pasture was planted, the AD decreased from 1.2 to 0.90 g/m3 at both depths, whereas the clay content was superior to 60 %. In this soil, the BIC and the Ca2+ increased, and the Mg2+ tended to decline. In the brown calcic carbonated soil, the predominant texture was also clayish (63 to 75 % of clay) and there was significant increase of the Ca2+ and of the BIC, without variation in the rest of the cations. It was concluded that the plantation of this pasture species perpendicular to the slope decreases the AD, and increases the movement of cations through the profile of both types of soils. This is a sign of improvement of the permeability, provoking higher resistance to erosion.Key words: P. purpureum cv. Cuba CT-115, plantation, soil properties, cattle area, Cuba. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/104 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/104/98

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/105 2016-12-13T20:26:46Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Biotransformation of Lablab purpureus during the germination process D?az, Mar?a Felicia Mart?n-Cabrejas, Mar?a A. Gonz?lez, Acela Torres, Verena Noda, Aida Some changes in Lablab purpureus (dolicho) during the germination process were studied to improve its chemical composition. Three experiments were conducted and grains germinated for 96 h under different light conditions: 1 (12-h light intervals), 2 (total light) and 3 (total darkness). A one-way classification design was applied to each experiment, with four repetitions. The treatments were: 1 control (unprocessed grain), 2 (grain soaked for 6 h + 24-h germination), 3 (soaked grain + 48-h germination), 4 (soaked grain + 72-h germination) and 5 (soaked grain + 96-h germination). As the germination process moved forward, there was an increase in the weight of the germinated grains, the root longitude and the percentage of the germinated grains in the different germination assays. In all the experiments, the percentageof the germinated grains was stabilized from 72 h on. The variant of conducting the germination process under the condition of total darkness had the superior transformations, with increases in CP (30.08 vs. 26.67 %), TP (21.37 vs. 19.76 %), ADF (16.37 vs. 14.42 %) and cellulose (14.67 vs. 11.23 %), compared to the control without germination. The profile of the mineral elements showed that ash and K increased with the germination time in the three germination variants. The rest of the minerals, except phosphorous that decreased in total darkness and light, did not vary significantly. The results indicated that the procedure applied in the germination is feasible for obtaining new products in Lablab purpureus. Modifications during germination imply changes on the physico-chemical properties of this legume. Therefore, it can be considered as an effective and promising method as it enhances the function and the quality of the product. Although 72 h are enough for germination percentages superior to 80 %, germination under total darkness conditions and for 96 h is recommended for guaranteeing the bromatological quality of the product.Key words: legumes, germination, bromatology, dolicho. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/105 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/105/99

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/106 2016-12-15T14:52:00Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Performance of tree species in two arboretums of the Institute of Animal Science Ach?n, Geovanis Febles, Gustavo Ruiz, Tom?s Alonso, Jatnel Noda, Aida Information is provided about the performance of tropical trees and shrubs that can be used in agricultural areas for different productive aims. The technique of multivariate analysis (clusters) was applied for data processing. The arboretum 1 was sown with 50 species in the Experimental Center of Pastures and Forages, and the arboretum 2 with 36 species in the cattle unit ?Gen?tico 4?, both facilities are located at the Institute of Animal Science. Out of all the species of the arboretum 1, Adenanthera pavonina, Enterolobium contortisiliqum, Sophora tomentosa, Siderocarpus flexicaulis, Bauhinia purpurea, Pongamia pinnata and Lonchocarpus punctatus were noteworthy due to their higher survival (100 %), growth, and lower acceptance. In the arboretum 2, Caesalpinea paucijuga, Peltophorum affricanum, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Casia moschata, Albizia lebbekoides, Colvillea racemosa and Moringa ole?fera reached greater height, and agreed with those of higher survival. The most consumed genera in the two arboretums were Erythrina, Bauhinia and Albizia. The species of greatest intake in the two arboretums was Albizia caribeae, and those of lowest, Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Siderocarpus flexicaulis. Further studies are recommended about those of best performance, mainly in the arboretum 1, which could have insecticide action.Key words: arboretum, survival, growth, acceptability Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/106 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/106/657 Copyright (c) 2016 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/107 2013-04-15T10:33:25Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Selection of rhizobium strains, inoculated in corn (Zea mays, L.), in field conditions in cattle ecosystems of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba B?cquer, C. J. Salas, Beatr?z ?vila, U. Palmero, L. N?poles, J. A. Ulloa, Lisbet Su?rez, Yanet Colina, Olga L. In order to select rhizobia inoculated in corn, a field trial was performed in the environmental conditions of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. Ten native strains belonging to Bradyrhizobium sp. were applied, as well as three commercial ones of Sinorhizobium fredii, B. lupini, and Bradyrhizobium sp. The T-66 corn hybrid variety (Zea mays, L) was evaluated. A complete random block design was used, with 15 treatments and four replicates. The analysis of variance and the differences between means were applied, according to LSD of Fisher (P < 0.05). In aerial dried weight, all the inoculated treatments had values statistically higher than the non-inoculated control. The treatments inoculated with the JJ4, JJ2, SP6, HA1, HG2, SP20, and TE4 native strains, as well as the inoculated, with the 25B6 and ATCC 10317 commercial strains, showed similar superscripts in respect to the fertilized control as to the aerial dried weight. For the stalk length, the 10 inoculated treatments were statistically superior to the absolute control. Except the treatments inoculated with the SP21 native strain and the 61B7commercial strain, the other inoculated treatments were statistically superior to the absolute control as to the corncob weight. It was concluded that the inoculation with rhizobia equaled the effects of the chemical fertilization, although the result was not the same for all the variables and for the two genera of rhizobia applied either. It was proved that the inoculation favored the production of seeds in respect to other agro-productive variables of the plant. The JJ4, JJ2, SP6, HA1, and SP20 strains are recommended, as well as the 25B6 commercial strains for corn crops, in edaphic and climatic conditions similar to those of this trial, with chemical fertilization of 80 kgN/ha.Key words: Bradyrhizobium, Sinorhizobium, corn, inoculation, seeds. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-12-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/107 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 4 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 spa https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/107/100

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/108 2013-04-15T08:19:59Z CJAS:REVART. driver

Peculiarities of leaf-cutter ants (Attini: Acromyrmex y Atta) that make difficult their control Herrera, Madelen Valenciaga, Nurys Leaf-cutter ants provoke intense harms in agriculture, forest, and livestock agroecosystems. Colonies persist and grow despite the innumerable control strategies to which they are subject. Thus, the aim of this review is compiling information and discussing distinctive aspects of anatomy, physiology, social structure, and architecture in their nests, which provide resistance to control measures. The symbiosis betweenleaf-cutter ants and their fungus gives these insects strong defensive mechanisms. Leaf-cutter ants are provided with spines that serve as means of protection against their natural enemies (natural control). Polymorphism is analyzed as one of the particularities of leaf-cutter ants, as well as the advantages of the specialization in tasks within the ant colony. When nests are destroyed (physical control), ant workers focused their work on re-structuring the tunnels and chambers. When the symbiotic fugus is infected (biological or natural control), thecontaminated parts are disinfected, pruned, and isolated. It is concluded that leaf-cutter ants have mechanical and chemical defenses that help them to counterbalance the effect of the control measures and allow them to inhabit the soil, an environment that is heterogeneous and abundant in microorganisms. Exocrine glands and symbiotic bacteria are the main source of antiseptics in leaf-cutter ants, because throughthem the man-used biologic agents are removed. Studying the adaptation mechanisms of leaf-cutter ants is recommended to attain higher effectiveness in the strategies for their ecological management.Key words: Attini, exocrine glands, symbiosis, control. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/108 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/108/101

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/109 2013-04-15T08:29:07Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Econometric methods in the analysis of duary total production costs Cobo, Ferm?n Ra?l Torres, Verena Machado, Yenia Fraga, M. In order to apply the linear regression technique in the analysis of milk production costs and obtain their division in fixed and variable components, a database was prepared with information from the two milk production units of the Institute of Animal Science. Data were collected including the last five years. In order to estimate the total costs, the method of least squares was used permitting to obtain the estimated values of the fixed and variable costs. Models were revealed accounting for 88.9 % and 60.8 % of the performance of the total costs in both units. In the two models, there was statistically significant ratio (P < 0.01) for the 99 % confidence values, according to the tables of the regression analysis. The separation of the costs was attained according to their elements from the econometric techniques that facilitate the interpretation of the information. The need for particularizing and deepening into the forming elements of the total production cost was proved in a way that correct decision making could be guaranteed in a way that production costs can bve reduced or the volume of the income sources can be increased.Key words: fixed costs, variable costs, linear regression. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/109 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/109/102

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/110 2013-04-15T08:42:25Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Milk yield characterization (from 1986 to 2007) in Cuban dairy Zebu cattle genotypes (? Zebu: ? Holstein) and their crossbreds Rodr?guez, Yusleiby Ponce de Le?n, Rafael Milk yield (1986-2007) was characterized in Cuban dairy cows of Zebu genotypes (? Zebu: ? Holstein, after inter-se mating),(? Zebu: ? Holstein and dairy Zebu crossbreds, cows with dairy Zebu sires), managed as dual-purpose. The traits under studywere total milk yield, lactation length, and milk yield/d (1517 records). Linear models were applied through the GLM procedure of SAS, including, as fixed effects, the genotype, the parturition year, the parturition season, the herd, the number of lactation, and the interaction year x parturition season. Besides, the influence of high and low input availability (before and after 1991) on milk yield was also analyzed. The significance of the genotype, the parturition year, and the herd was obtained in the three traits. The number of lactation was significant for total milk yield and milk yield/d, while the interaction parturition year x bimester was also significant for the lactation length and the milk yield/d. The season was never significant. The highest productions were reported in the crossbred (1266 ? 66kg) and in the ? (1240 ? 61kg) animals, while the poorer were in the Cuban dairy Zebu (1059 ? 36kg). The lack of resources (since 1991) provoked considerable fall in milk productions, not surpassing anew 1000 kg of total milk yield as average. The distribution of parturitions throughout the year was relatively stable for the three genotypes, with slight higher proportion of parturitions from January to April. This corresponded to the highest number of gestations during the periods of highest temperatures, rainfall, and pasture availability. These genotypes are an alternative to milk production with low inputs.Key words: Cuban dairy Zebu, milk yield, calving year. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/110 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/110/103

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/111 2013-04-15T08:47:57Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Crossbreeding influence on age at first calving and first lactation productivity in Lithuania bred dairy cattle Petra?kien?, Rasa Pe?iulaitien?, Nijol? Jukna, Vigilijus This paper provides records of milk production of first calving and age at first calving of 2227 pure Holstein cows, 301 Danish Red cows, 522 Red Holstein cows, 261 Swedish Red cows, 143 crosses of Holstein cows with Danish Red sires (HxDR), 363 crossbreeds of Holstein cows with Swedish Red sires (HxSR), and 135 crossbreeds of Holstein cows with Red Holstein sires (HxRH). There was higher percentage of milk proteins of 0.2 % in HxDR crossbreds and of 1.1 % in HxSR (P < 0.01) crossbreds. The other traits of higher productivity were in Holstein cows. The crossbreeding had a positive effect on age at first calving in the crossbreds, and is much lower than that in purebreds. The lowest age at first calving in days was found in the HxDR crossbreds. This difference was of 33.3 d or 4.2 % (P < 0.001), compared with the pure Holstein breeds. Also, the first lactation, fat and protein content and yield of recalculated milk were higher in pure red cows compared with crossbreds. However, according to these results, the HxRH crossbreds (64.4 d or 8.2 %) (P < 0.001) matured earlier than the pure Red Holstein cows. Therefore, dairy cattle crossbreeding may be used if the goals are not only for milk production but also age at first calving, fertility, welfare, and longevity improvement.Key words: heterosis effects, milk production, cattle. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/111 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/111/104

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/112 2013-04-15T08:54:42Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Finishing stage of Abeerden Angus steers fattened on winter forage cereals and cereal grain at low rates Fern?ndez Mayer, A. E. Stuart, Justiniano Chongo, Bertha Mart?n, Pedro C. The finishing stage of fattened steers (> 450 kg animal-1) is usually conducted in feedlots, due to their high energy demands. However, because of the high production costs (PC), middle and small farms are limited in utilization. The adequate energy-protein balance of forage cereals, rich in soluble nonstructural carbohydrates (SNSC), and low in soluble crude protein (SCP) (SNSC SCP-1>1.0), with extra supply of energy from cereal grains, permits obtaining high weight gains (DWG). The object of this trial was to finish rearing animals of British breed with oat (Avena sativa) in a stage of advance emergence and low rates of grains (0.4 % of LW). The study was divided into two stages: 1) 143 steers with 386.06 kg for 70 d, 2) subdivided into two periods: 234 steers, with 383.4 kg for 61 d, and 180 steers, with 416.0 kg animal-1 for 68 d. The nutritional quality (NQ), the DWG, the conversion efficiency (CE), and the PC were measured. The experimental unit was the animal, with 20 repetitions per stage. Linear and non-linear models were tested (variable LW) and the quadratic model was selected (linear). All the parameters were significant (0.95 and 0.97 R2 and 42.42 and 26.78 MSE, respectively). One point eighty-twokilograms of corn and 1.38 and 1.84 kg animal-1 of sorghum were used, respectively. The ratio SNSC SCP-1 was 1.30 and 1.68. The DWG was of 1.04, 1.223, and 1.103 kg animal-1 d-1, respectively. The CE consisted of 10.78, 8.68, and 9.69 kg DM feed kg meat-1. The PC was 0.90, 0.68, and 0.89 u$s kg produced-1, respectively. The animals reached the finishing stage fattened on pasture, with low grain rate and PC inferior to the feedlot fattening.Key words: nutritional quality, weight gain, production cost, conversion efficiency. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/112 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/112/105

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/113 2013-04-15T08:59:54Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Pastoral fattening with BMR (Brown Middle Rib) sorghums as fresh forage Fern?ndez Mayer, A. E. Stuart, Justiniano Chongo, Bertha Mart?n, Pedro C. Forage sorghums (Sorghum sp.), Sudan type, are quite used in Argentina as fresh forage due to their large production (8 to15.000 kg DM ha-1), permitting to support high stocking rate (three to six animals ha-1) during the summer. Nevertheless, due to nutritional unbalances, daily weight gains (DWG) are low (400 to 600 g daily). The utilization of the new BMR sorghum (Brown Middle Rib) as fresh forage, whose quality is significantly higher with lower content of lignin, could improve the DWG and the finishing stage of the animals. With this object, a trial was conducted with Angus steers (British), grazing BMR sorghum as fresh forage without supplementation. The trial had two stages: 1st) 140 steers of 318 kg of LW animal-1 during 99 d and 2nd) 340 steers of 364 kg of LW animal-1 during 69 d. The nutritional quality, the forage assignation (Af), the daily weight gain, the conversion efficiency (CE) and the production costs (PC) were measured. The experimental unit corresponded to the animal, with 20 repetitions per stage. Linear models were tested. The in vitro DM digestibility of the two stages were of76.73 and 77.06 %, respectively. The Af reached 4.54 and 4.64 kg DM, every 100 kg LW d-1. The DWG was of 0.788 and 0.801 kg animal-1 d-1, respectively. The CE was of 12.44 and 12.98 kg of DM of feed kg produced-1. The PC corresponded to 0.47 and 0.67 u$s kg produced-1. The slaughter weights were of 396 and 402.5 kg animal-1 respectively, and the PC were quite adequate for a pastoral system.Key words: pastoral, finishing stage, nutritional quality, British steers without supplement. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/113 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/113/106

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/114 2013-04-15T10:00:46Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of the substitution of return bagasse (Pachaquil), fermented in solid state and ensiled, on productive performance of cows in the tropics ?lvarez, L. Y. Mendoza, G. D. Aranda, E. M. Mora, O. Fern?ndez, P. A. Garc?a-Bojalil, C. M. In order to know the effect of the supplement level substitution by return bagasse, fermented in solid state and ensiled, on the performance of growing cows in the tropics, eighteen Bos taurus x Bos indicus cows were used (230 ? 40 kg liveweight). They were allocated in individual pens, in completely randomized design with three supplement combinations: silage 100:0, 50:50, and 0:100 %. During the assay (90 d), daily weight gain (DWG), dry matter intake (DM), and feed conversion were recorded. DWG had quadratic effect (P < 0.01) and showed the best response in the 50:50 combination (0.58, 0.74 and 0.46 kg/d), whereas the conversion was affected (quadratic, P < 0.01) by increasing the rate of silage (12.18, 10.33 and 16.04). No differences were found in the DM intake for the 100:0, 50:50, and 0:100 % combinations (7.07, 7.65 and 7.38 kg/d), respectively. It was concluded that, with the substitution of 50 % of the supplement by RBFSSE, there is better behavior in growing cows in the tropics, using sugarcane diets with 1 % urea.Key words: sugarcane, return bagasse, solid fermentation, cow behavior. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/114 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/114/107

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/115 2013-04-15T10:23:52Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Chemical composition and nutritive value of torula yeast (Candida utilis), grown on distiller?s vinasse, for poultry feeding Rodr?guez, B?rbara Mora, Luis Marino Oliveira, D. Euler, Ana Carolina Larav, L. Lezcano, Pedro The object of this work was to determine dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), ash, metabolizable energy and retention of nutrients of the torula yeast from distiller?s vinasse, for its use in poultry feeding. The torula yeast from vinasse had average value of 43.24 % CPB, 1.60 % CF, 1.20 % EE, and 7.15% ash. There were average values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of 2811 kcal/kg, corrected by the nitrogen balance (AMEn) of 2362 kcal/kg and coefficient of metabolization of the energy (CMGE) of 58 %. The apparent retention of the dry matter was 65.20 %, and of 53.81 % for nitrogen and of 63.46 % for total phosphorus. It was concluded that it is feasible to use distiller?s vinasse as basic substrate for the production of torula yeast, by not having differences in the chemical composition and the nutritional value of this protein source; thus, it can be used in poultry feeding.Key words: yeast, metabolizable energy, retention of nutrients, broiler chickens. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/115 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/115/108

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/116 2013-04-15T10:48:58Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Description of the sugarcane bagasse fermentation by Trichoderma viride M5-2 in a static bioreactor through a phenomenologic model Vali?o, Elaine C. Ibarra, Adisbet Garc?a, Yaneisy Izquierdo, Elena Dustet, J. C. In order to describe the sugarcane bagasse fermentation by Trichoderma viride M5-2 in a static bioreactor through a phenomenologic model, the software FERSOLID was used (Dustet 2004). The data were the yield coefficients, the reactor traits, and the type of kinetic model. As outputs of the software, it was obtained the performance of the air flow in respect to the time and the time behavior of the biomass concentration, of the substrate, and the solid humidity. The outcomes obtained in the description of the model predict a constant value or air flow throughout the fermentation time, if the air input and output temperatures are kept constant. The substrate concentration showed a performance similar to the decline observed experimentally. The final biomass was comparable to that estimated through the true protein in the experiment. The percentages of initial and final humidity, calculated by the model were almost the same, which agreed with the experimental results, where there was progressive increment of the substrate humidity. This work proved that the model can be used to evaluate the bioreactor functioning, out of the comparison between the experimental information and that predicted by the model. However, the humidity results deserve greater attention to attain the best initial fit, considering the microbial metabolism. Also, it is possible to use it in the bioreactor functioning design, always fulfilling the fundamental predictions in which the model was established.Key words: modelling, solid fermentation, bioreactor, Trichoderma viride, bagasse. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/116 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/116/109

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/117 2013-04-15T10:57:50Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of protein-energy supplementation in in situ ruminal degradability of NDF and OM of star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) in Bubalus bubalis buffalo calves L?pez, Jos? Ra?l El?as, Arabel Delgado, Denia G?nz?lez, R. Sarduy, Luc?a Dom?nguez, Marbelis Four male buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) of the Bufalipso breed with 175 ? 5 kg of liveweight were used and fitted with rumen cannula. A 4 x 4 Latin square design was applied with the object of assessing the effect of the supplementation with different amounts of protein-energy concentrate on the in situ ruminal microbial degradation of NDF and OM of star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) forage. Four treatments were used with different amounts of protein-energy supplementation in the diet: 0 (control), 3, 6, and 9 g kg LW-1, given once a day. The ruminal degradation of NDF and OM of the forage showed the highest values (P < 0.05) with rise in the incubation time for the treatments with protein-energy supplementation compared with the control, since 24 h. The supplementation had effect on the rise of therate of degradation of NDF (0.018, 0.027, 0.029, and 0.030 Fraction h-1) and the decline of the colonization time or ?lag? phase (2.8, 2.2, 2.1, 2.0 h) for the treatments with 0, 3, 6, and 9 g kg LW-1, respectively. However, the rate of OM degradation was higher in the treatments with supplementation (2.8, 2.6, 2.2), for 9, 6, 3 g kg LW-1 with respect to the treatment without supplementation (1.9). The effective degradability was higher in the treatments with supplementation, compared with the control, for NDF and OM in the forage. Multiple regression equations were established to describe the process of degradation of DM, NDF, and OM, in respect to the NDF N-1 consumed in the diet and the time (t) in the rumen. The results proved the positive effect of the supplementation with increasing amounts of concentrate, up to 9 g kg LW-1 in the diet of buffalo calves fed star grass. This could contribute to the increment of the productive activity in buffalo calvesunder the current rearing conditions.Key words: bufalipso buffalo calves, effective degradability, protein-energy concentrate. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/117 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/117/110

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/118 2013-04-15T11:06:33Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Intake and digestibility of dry matter in grazing river buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis) in the cattle enterprise ?La Bayamesa?, Granma province, Cuba Guti?rrez, Odilia Ram?rez, B. Cairo, Juan In the cattle enterprise ?La Bayamesa?, located in the Granma province, four river buffalo cows were selected randomly from a herd with the goal of estimating the intake and the digestibility of dry matter. The grazing animals were fed 300 g of Norgold and they were given in a compulsory form 20 g of chromium oxide for 17 d (twelve days of adaptation and five of collection) to determine the intake and digestibility of dry matter in grazing conditions, according to the double marking technique (chromium oxide and insoluble acid ash). The chemical and the mineral composition were determined in the feeds. The pastures were of poor quality, with crude protein contents not exceeding 8 % and total phosphorus levels lower than 0.12 %. The dry matter intake varied between the animals and ranged from 12 to 21 kg DM/animal/d in accordance with their live weights, without differences in the dry matter digestibility. The analysis of linear regression between intake and excretion of dry matter and between the contents of total ash and insoluble acid ash showed coefficients of determination of R2 = 0.97 and R2 = 0.88, respectively, for P < 0.001. It was proved that, in the conditions of this study, the buffalo river species makes a high intake of poor quality pasture, with approximate dry matter digestibility of 45 %.Key words: intake, digestibility, buffalo cows, grazing. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/118 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/118/111

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/119 2013-04-15T11:15:35Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of heat and humidity on in situ rumen degradability of cottonseed Estrada, A. La O, Oreste Portillo, J. J. Herrera, Rafael Segundo Castro, Beatr?z I. Rios, F. G. An in situ experiment was performed in the rumen to determine the DM and organic matter degradability of cottonseed, both normal and treated with heat and humidity. Four adult male sheep were used and fitted with rumen cannula. The samples were incubated for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h in ventral position in the rumen. The values of potential degradability (a+b) varied from 56.4 up to 57.5, and from 86.59up to 81.00 % for DM and CP of normal and treated seed, respectively. However, the c fraction, for DM and for CP, had better performance in the normal seed, compared with the treated with heat and humidity. The dynamics of rumen degradation evidenced increasing trend, from the first to the last incubation time, with differences (P < 0.01) in the treated and non-treated seeds. The chemical composition had adequate concentrations in this feed, with values up to 23.12 and 22.94 %, for CP in non-treated and treated seed meal, respectively. It wasconcluded that by humidifying the seed, there is higher availability of CP and DM for the ruminant animals. Besides, there is an efficient and easy to use alternative in animal feeding, with important contribution of bypassing proteins for the different feeding systems. Further studies on metabolism and productive indicators are recommended to support these results.Key words: cottonseed, degradability, DM, protein. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/119 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/119/112

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/120 2013-04-15T11:21:40Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Relation between climatic factors, yield, and quality of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-169 in the Cauto Valley, Cuba Ram?rez, J. L. Herrera, Rafael Segundo Leonard, I. Cisneros, M. Verdecia, D. ?lvarez, Y. Quality and yield data of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-169 were used. The data were from an experiment using a random block design with four replicates, connecting them with climate factors. The experiment was carried out on soil of the fluvisol type, and without fertilization and irrigation. An analysis of linear correlation was performed between the indicators of yield, quality, and climate elements in each period. Besides, multiple linear equations were determined between them. High correlations were obtained (coefficients higher than 0.80) with the rainfall and the average temperature (except for the yield, the percentage of leaves and stems, CP, hemicellulose, ash, and OM). With the relative humidity, ADF, lignin, phosphorus, cellulose, ash, and OM were oustanding in the rainy season. In the rainy season, the yield, CP, CF, cell wall, phosphorus, cell content, hemicellulose, ME and NFE were outstanding. Multiple linear equations were determined and the values of the coefficient of determination were above 0.92. In the rainy season, the highest R2 were obtained for CP, and, in the dry season, for DMD, ME and NFE (P < 0.001). It was established the degree of relation between some climatic factors, theyield, and the quality of the CT-169 in the Cauto Valley. Equation sof multiple linear regression were established relating the yield, CP, CF, lignin, DMD, OMD, ME, and NFE with the rainfall, maximum temperature and humidity. This allows to make an approximate calculation of the indicators, out of the knowledge of the climatic factors. This type of study should be continued with other species and environmental conditions, in a way that the results could be further spread.Key words: pastures, chemical composition, temperature, rainfall, humidity. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/120 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/120/113

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/121 2013-04-15T11:24:33Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Determination of forage yield and its components in blue melilot (Melilotus caerulea (L.) Desr.) grown in the western region of Turkey Ates, Ertan The aim of this research was to determine the forage yield and its components in blue melilot (Melilotus caerulea (L.) Desr.) grown? in the western region of Turkey. Blue melilot seeds were collected during two years (2005-2006) at mature stage from grasslands (43.0 ?N, 26 ?E) of the Belovets village in Razgrad, the north-east of Bulgaria. This study was conducted during the 2006-2009 growing season (October-July) on xeralf soil with pH 6.8-7.1 at Field Crops Department experimental area (41.0 ?N, 27.5 ?E) in Agricultural Faculty of Namik Kemal University (Tekirdag), Turkey. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. The plant height (cm), main stem diameter (mm), number of leaves per main stem, leaf length (cm), leaflet length (cm) and width (cm), greenfodder yield (t ha-1), dry matter yield (t ha-1), crude protein (%) and fiber (%) were determined at the three growing stages such as ? bloom, ? bloom and full-bloom. It is concluded that green fodder yield (9.79-9.97 t ha-1) and dry matter yield (2.49-2.62 t ha-1) in the ? bloom and full-bloom stages were determined to be higher than in the rest of the stage. Quality is high if the crop is cut in the ? bloom stage. According to yield and other components, the blue melilot can be sown and cutting at ? bloom, ? bloom and full-bloom stages in the western of Turkey as well as in subtropical conditions.Key words: blue melilot, dry matter, green fodder, growth stage, Melilotus caerulea (L.) Desr. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/121 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/121/114

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/122 2013-04-15T11:57:03Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Herbaceous biomass production in the establishment of an agriculturecattle rearing-forest integration system with two alternatives for weeds control Mota, Veronica A. Santos, L. D. T. Alfonso, Jatnel Santos Junior, A. Machado, V. D. Santos, M. V. Leite, G. L. D. The productive performance of an agriculture-cattle rearing-forest integration system (ILPF)1 , formed by intercropping sorghum and threeforage grasses (Andropogon gayanus, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s) was studied and managedwith two variants of weeds control at the Northern region of Minas Gerais. A random block design was used with factorial fit (3 x 2) andfour replicates. Before the sorghum collection for forage, 90 d after the sowing, plant height, number of plants, and dry matter yield weremeasured in sorghum and the forage plants. Later, 290 d after the sowing, the dry matter of the weeds, the sprouts of sorghum, and theforage plants were estimated again. Also, the intercropping efficiency was determined through the calculation of the index of equivalenceof the area, partial and total. The factors under study, intercropping of forage plants and weeds management, did not show interaction(P > 0.05) in the indicators. The atrazine application did not affect the sorghum production or the pastures establishment. In the monoculture,the production of A. gayanus cv. Planaltina was 11.24 % lower than that recorded in the intercropping of B. brizantha cv. Xara?s and P. maximum cv. Tanzania, which produced 505.03 and 134.64 % more than in the monoculture. The index of equivalence of the area reached higher efficiency (17 %) in the intercropping of Guinea grass with sorghum. After the cut, P. maximum attained 1.40 m of height and its biomass production (3.89 t ha-1) was superior to that of other pasture species. It was concluded that, in ILPF systems, the use of atrazine does not affect its productive performance, when using direct sowing. Sorghum yield is not affected by the intercropping of Guinea grass, brachiaria, and andropogon, and it is an ecologically viable alternative in the implantation or renewal of the grasslands.Key words: pastures, intercropping, sorghum, herbicide, forage grasses. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/122 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/122/115

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/123 2013-04-16T08:53:53Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Local perceptions of degradation in rangelands from a livestock farming community in Chiapas, Mexico Guevara-Hern?ndez, Francisco Pinto, R. Rodr?guez, L. A. G?mez, H. Ort?z, R. Ibrahim, M. Cruz, Georgina The farmer?s perception was analyzed about degradation of pastures in the Francisco Villa I community, Jiquipilas municipality, Chiapas.The community is located in the nearby area of the biosphere reservation La Sepultura. The study was conducted between December 2008 and July 2009. The approach was related to agricultural anthropology and ethnography. Semi-structured interviews were carried out, and three communitarian workshops were organized. The information was systematized in tables and figures of tendencies for its analysis according to three times: past, present, and future of communitarian livestock rearing. The farmers were characterized by having rangelands and livestock, living in the community permanently, and willing to be involved in the process of analysis of this research. The results showed that farmers perceive the current degradation of their rangelands as an aspect intrinsic to the practice of the livestock system with diverseimpacts. However, in regards to the past, they did not perceive relevant or significant changes in their rangelands. Farmers were optimisticin regards to the future, because they perceived that their rangelands were little degraded. The reason was the presence of operating elements supporting communitarian livestock rearing. They considered as very relevant the implementation of ?less harming? practices, although they showed that the lack of technical advising and economic resources was an important limitation. It was concluded that, in Francisco Villa I, there are differences in the perceptions of degradation, but basically from the productive perspective. The individual experience as to livestock management, the family income, the availability of economic resources to be invested, and the level of environmental consciousness are the causes for the differences in the perception of rangeland degradation.Key words: natural protected areas, farmer?s knowledge, environmental degradation, local analysis. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/123 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/123/116

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/124 2013-04-16T09:08:41Z CJAS:PASCI. driver

Protein dilution curves in genotypes of Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick Ju?rez, J. Bola?os, Eduardo Vargas, L. M. Medina, S. Mart?nez-Hern?ndez, P. A. Twenty ?two Brachiaria humidicola genotypes were evaluated in a split plot design with three repetitions to know the effect of cut age, dry matter production (DMP), and height on the protein content of the genotypes, as well as on the construction of their protein dilution curves, aiming at determining its pertinence as selection tool. The research was conducted from June to September in 2004. The genotype was the main plot, and the cut age (14, 28. 42, 56, and 70 d), the subplot. The variables under study were: height (cm), DMP (t ha-1), and content of crude protein (% DM). The curves were obtained by modeling the ratio of the protein content with the DMP. A system of equations fitted to a dynamic mechanistic model in each of the genotypes was elaborated, comparing their curves through discriminating analysis. The outcomes showed genotype x cut age interaction in the variables (P < 0.05). At 14 d, the highest protein content (10.75 ?1.14 %), the lowest DMP (2.92?1.03 t ha-1) and the lowest height (12.75 ? 5.45 cm) were obtained. Conversely, at 70 d, lower protein content (6.03 ? 0.82 %), higher DMP (11.80 ? 4.07 t ha-1) and height (58.06 ? 9.50 cm) were recorded. The genotypes CIAT-26407 and CIAT-168687 had lower andhigher protein dilution, respectively. The protein content was correlated negatively with the DMP and the height (P < 0.001). The means of the parameters of the curves showed a rate of synthesis of dry matter of 0.0312 t d-1 and of protein of 0.2083 t d-1. The discriminating analysis applied to the curves evidenced significant differences (P < 0.05) between the genotypes. It was concluded that the genotypes of B. humidicola and the age cut are a source of variation in the performance of the protein dilution curves, and that these curves can be used as tool to select the genotypes with lowest protein dilution rate as the plant grows. Key words: dry matter production, height, protein, dynamic model, discriminating analysis, protein dilution curves. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/124 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 3 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/124/117

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/125 2013-04-24T09:16:00Z CJAS:REVART. driver

Silvopastoral systems and their contribution to the environment Alonso, Jatnel Some potentialities for the development of technologies were assessed to improve cattle agroecosystems and, at the same time, generate environmental services through the use and adaptation of agricultural practices considering trees and shrubs as indispensable elements in animal production. Different definitions of silvopastoral systems are discussed, as well as their function in the enhancement of pasture production and quality and in the recovery of degraded soils and in the improvement of water resources. Besides, the importance of these systems is analyzed as to the capture of carbon and gases with green house effect and in the conservation of the biodiversity. An analysisof the international experience is performed about the payment of environmental services, as incentive to the use of trees and shrubs in cattle rearing.Key words: capture of carbon, gases with greenhouse effect, biodiversity Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/125 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/125/118

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/126 2013-04-24T09:16:00Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Genetic parameters of growth traits in Cuban Zebu cattle Guill?n Trujillo, A. Guerra Iglesias, D. ?vila Serrano, N. Gonz?lez-Pe?a, Dianelys Palacios, A. de Luna, R. Espinoza, J. L. In order to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters of weaning weight, at seven months of age (WW), and of final weight,at 18 months (FW), a sample was used from 67 373 records of WW and 7 990 records of FW of Cuban Zebu breed animals. They were born between 1988 and 2006, in five genetic centers of the country. The statistical model for WW included the effects of the group of contemporaries (herd?year?trimester-sex, weaning weight as linear covariable and the age of the mother as linear and quadratic), the random effect of the animal, the maternal random effect, the permanent environment effect and the error. The model for FW included the groupof contemporariess (herd-year-four-month period), the animal effect and that of the permanent environment. The variance components,estimated through animal model for the direct effect of WW by univariate and bivariate analysis, were similar and did not tend to changesignificantly the magnitude of the heritability for the direct (0.06 vs. 0.08) and maternal effects (0.06 ? 0.01 vs. 0.05 ? 0.01). However, forthe FW, the variance components for the direct effect had important changes. As a result, the h2 was higher when using the bivariate model(0.26 ? 0.05) than when applying the univariate (0.16 ? 0.03). The genetic correlation between the direct and the maternal effect for theweaning weight reached a value of -0.37 ? 0.08 in the univariate analysis, and of -0.21 ? 0.07 in the bivariate. It was concluded that theutilization of an animal model, considering simultaneously weaning weight and final weight, increased the efficiency in the selection ofthis latter character.Key words: Cuban Zebu cattle, variance components, genetic parameters, growth. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/126 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/126/119

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/127 2013-04-24T09:16:00Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Blood macro and microelements in dairy herds under grazing at the Institute of Animal Science. Technical note Valera, Moises Guti?rrez, Odilia Gallego, Carlos Oramas, Abel S?nchez, Liyen Sixty grazing cows were sampled to make a study on the mineral status of dairy herds at the Institute of Animal Science. They were given protein supplement, according to production and physiological status. Twelve animals were randomly selected from each of the five units at the Institute. The same number of blood samples was collected, separating the serum and determining the concentrations of macroelements (Ca, Mg, K, and Na) and trace elements (Cu, Zn, and Fe). The average concentrations of each of the elements were in the physiological ranges established as normal for this animal species and category. Nevertheless, there were slight deficiencies in serum concentrations of K (3.65 and 3.73 mMol/L) and Cu (8.63 y 8.99 ?Mol/L).Key words: macroelements and microelements, trace elements, dairy herds, grazing, serum concentration. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/127 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/127/120

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/128 2013-04-24T09:16:01Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Influence of dietary fat, L-carnitine and niacin on milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows in midlactation Tasdemir, A. R. G?rg?l?, M. Serbester, U. Yurtseven, Y. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary fat, L-carnitine, and niacin on milk production and milk composition in midlactation dairy cows. Eight multiparous lactating dairy cows were used. The studies were carried out with 2x2 factorial arrangements in a4x4 Latin square design. The treatments in the fat and L-carnitine study (FLC) were: 1) no fat (NF) and no L-carnitine, 2) no fat and0.045 % L-carnitine, 3) 3.6 % fat (as fed) and no L-carnitine, and 4) 3.6 % fat and 0.045 % carnipass. In the L-carnitine and niacin study(LCN), rations containing dietary fat (3.6 %) were used for all treatments and treatments were: 1) no L-carnitine and no niacin, 2) no Lcarnitine and 0.045 % niacin, 3) 0.045 % carnipass and no niacin, and 4) 0.045% carnipass and 0.045% niacin. In the FLC study, dietaryfat increased milk yield (P <0.05) and tended to increase milk NPN content (P =0.10) and improved milk production efficiency (milk yield/dry matter intake, P < 0.01). In contrast, milk fat, milk protein, true protein and casein nitrogen (P < 0.05) were reduced by dietaryfat. L-carnitine resulted in decrease in milk yield and casein yield (P < 0.05) in the FLC. In connection with milk yield; protein yield had a tendency to decrease (P =0.08) by L-carnitine. Only non-fat solids are affected (P < 0.01) by the interaction between the dietary fat and L-carnitine. Milk yield and milk production efficiency also tended to be lower (P = 0.12 and P = 0.07) with L-carnitine in the LCN study. Niacin had no effect on milk yield and composition, except for the proportion of casein N to total N. The proportion of casein N to total N had a tendency to be higher (P =12) with L-carnitine and niacin separately. It could be concluded that dietary fat may increase milk yield and decrease milk fat, milk protein and L-carnitine supplementation may decrease milk yield, niacin supplementation did not affect with yield, composition and other parameters of diary cows in mid lactation fed a diet containing 60 % concentrate and 40% of alfalfa hay.Key words: fat, L-carnitine, niacin, cow, milk yield, milk composition. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/128 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/128/121

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/130 2013-04-24T09:16:01Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Effect of non-degradable protein level in rumen on the in situ ruminal degradation of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers) cv. Coastcross in buffaloes Delgado, Denia C. Franzol?n Neto, R. Abdalla Gomide, Abdalla Four buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of the Mediterranean breed, with 300 ?12 kg of average liveweight, fitted with rumen cannula, were used in a change-over design to determine the effect of two levels of non-degradable protein in rumen (NDPR) on the in situ ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of Coastcross Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers) hay. The treatments consisted of diets of Coastcross Bermuda grass hay (70 %) and concentrate (30 %) of maize (8.6 %), and whole-plant crude (CS treatment) or extruded soybean (ES treatment) (26.4 %), contributing to 28 and 44 % of NDPR/CP, respectively. The incubation times were 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h for the hay, and up to 48 h, for the concentrates. No differences were found between the treatments for the indicators under study. The potential degradability (A+B) of the DM in the hay was of 51 and 48 % for the CS and ES treatments, respectively. The effective degradation (ED), for the passage rates of 0.02 and 0.05 h-1, was lower than 40 % for the DM and NDF, and higher than 45 % for the CP. The results suggested that, under these experimental conditions, the NDPR level in the buffalo diet does not affect the kinetics of the ruminal degradability of Coastcross Bermuda grass hay.Key words: degradability, Coastcross Bermuda hay, Bubalus bubalis, soybean. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/130 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/130/123

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/131 2013-04-24T09:16:01Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Inclusion of bakery?s residues in some metabolites and bromatological indicators of the solid state fermentation of apple pomace Castillo, Yamicela Ruiz, O. Angulo, C. Rodr?guez, C. El?as, Arabel La O, Oreste The effect of the inclusion levels of bakery?s residues (BR) (0, 15, 30, and 45 %) with apple pomace (AP) on the bromatological indicators,the pH, and the count of yeasts was assessed through the utilization of solid state fermentation (SSF) at different times (0, 24, and 48 h), using completely randomized design in factorial fit (4x3) and six repetitions. The bakery?s residues were wastes of white bread, integral bread, and sweet bread. The pH increased, regardless the treatment, with the BR inclusion at values ranging from 4.07 to 5.44, and declined with the fermentation time in the four treatments (P ? 0.0008). The counts of yeasts expressed in log10 increased throughout the fermentation time in all the treatments (P ? 0.0001), with values ranging from 7.41 to 10.71 depending on the specific treatment, except the control, in which the 24 and 48 hours remained without differences. The treatments with 30 and 45 % of bakery?s residues (BR) increased significantly (P < 0.001) the counts of yeasts, compared with the control and the 15 % BR inclusion. The dry matter (DM) at the start of the fermentation (hour 0) rose (P ? 0.0001) as the BR levels increased (79.98, 84.86, 86.78, and 87.90 %, respectively), but fell significantlywith the fermentation times at the hour 0, with increase at 24 h in the treatments of 15 and 30 %, but without significant differences at 48 h,compared with the start of the fermentation. The ether extract (EE) also increased significantly with the BR rise and with the fermentationhours, in the treatments with 15, 30, and 45 % of BR. The crude fiber (CF) decreased (P ? 0.0001) with the increasing level of BR. The crudeprotein (CP) decreased significantly, as the level of BR increased, with values that varied at 25.9 - 19.1, 27.0 - 22.9, and 28.6 - 21.6 for 0,24, and 48 h, respectively. However, the true protein (TP) rose (P ? 0.0001), as the level of BR and the fermentation time increased in allthe treatments. It was concluded that the inclusion of increasing levels of BR improved substantially the fermentative and bromatologicalindicators in the end products.Key words: fermentation, apple wastes, bakery?s residues, bromatology. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/131 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/131/124

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/132 2013-04-24T09:16:02Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Utilization of the breadfruit tree (Artocarpus altilis) meal in fattening swine diets Ort?z, Abel Mart?, O. Valdivi?, Manuel Leyva, C. A total of 48 pigs of the Yorkland x Duroc hybrid, with initial average liveweight of 27.7 kg, was used for 70 d to evaluate the inclusionof 0, 10, 20, and 30 % of breadfruit tree meal as partial substitute for corn in conventional feedstuffs, for the feeding of fattening swine.An analysis of variance was performed according to one-way design with four treatments and four repetitions. In all the treatments, themaximum viability (100 %) was obtained and there were no differences for the feed intake (175 kg/pig). The treatments with 0 and 10 %of breadfruit tree meal did not differ between themselves for the final liveweight (78.25 and 77.25 kg/pig), average daily gain (ADG) (720and 707 g/pig), conversion (3.47 and 3.54) and carcass yield (73.85 and 73.36 %). However, with 10 % of breadfruit tree meal, the feedcost/t of liveweight was reduced in 76.94 USD and per carcass ton in 92.97. The diets with 20 and 30 % of breadfruit tree meal reducedthe final liveweight (74.25 and 70.33 kg/pig), the ADG (668 and 608 g/pig), and the carcass yield (72.68 and 72.39 %), besides impairingthe feed conversion (3.74 y 4.11). It is recommended to use up to 30 % of breadfruit tree meal in fattening swine feedstuffs, even when itwould be necessary to have more days in this category. This would permit obtaining productive results similar to those of the conventionaldiets and reducing the feeding cost, not changing the beef quality.Key words: breadruit tree, fattening swine. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/132 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/132/125

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/133 2013-04-24T09:16:02Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Mineral composition of torula yeast (Candida utilis), grown on distiller?s vinasse Rodr?guez, B?rbara Canela, A. A. Mora, Luis Marino Motta, W. F. Lezcano, Pedro Euler, Ana Carolina A neutron activation analysis was conducted to determine the minerals in torula yeast grown on distiller?s vinasse. The mineral material and total phosphorous were determined according to AOAC (1995). The presence of 23 elements of the periodic table was determined in the analysis by neutron activation. Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), manganese (Mg), iron (Fe) and sodium (Na) were those of largest concentration. It was proved that there was high content of mineral material (7.15 %) and total phosphorous (1.61%) in the yeast. The mineral composition of the torula yeast from vinasse showed higher values for Ca, K, Fe and Zn than those reported by the NRC (1998) in soybean meal and torula yeast.Key words: yeast, minerals, neutron activation. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/133 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/133/126

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/134 2013-04-24T09:16:02Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Balance and digestibility of nitrogen, when using distiller?s vinasse as partial substitute of the protein source in growing-fattening swine Alberto, Mayren Sav?n, Lourdes Mart?nez, Olga Mora, Luis M. Mac?as, M. Six Yorkshire-Landrace x Duroc barrows with average weight of 35 kg were used in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. The objective was to determine the balance and the digestibility of nitrogen in conventional corn-soybean diets, substituting 0, 15, and 30 % of the soybean protein by distiller?s vinasse. The animals were allocated in metabolism cages with equal conditions. Dry matter and nitrogen digestibility, nitrogen balance, and retention of the digested and consumed material in g/d were determined. The results evidenced a positive balance. There were differences (P < 0.05) in dry matter digestibility for the different levels (0, 15, and 30 %) (84.16, 84.42, and 87.85%). In the control treatment, the urinary excretion of N in g/d differed (P < 0.05) compared to the rest, retaining larger amount of nitrogen in the treatments with vinasse (7.47, 4.48, and 5.01). It is concluded that it is likeable the inclusion of distiller?s vinasse, up to 30 %, in growing pig diets, not affecting the physiological and metabolic performance.Key words: vinasse, pigs, nitrogen balance, digestibility. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/134 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/134/127

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/135 2013-04-24T09:20:10Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Determination of the meat cuts of highest economic value and yield in the cattle hindquarter, according to slaughter category and carcass weight Lemus, A. Jord?n, Humberto Torres, Verena Senra, Andr?s An experiment was conducted with a total of 54 animals, corresponding to three categories (cows, oxen, and bulls), to study the value of the carcass hindquarters as to the cuts of highest economic value and beef yield. Analyses of variance were performed, according to one-way classification model, comparing the effects of the category (ox, bull and cow) for each valuable cut (in both hindquarters). The cuts of higher value were expressed according to each category, with the two hindquarters, and with each one of them, right and left. The hindquarters, right and left, from 54 animals (17 oxen, 15 cows, and 22 bulls), slaughtered in the period February-August in 2007, werecollected and weighed in the processing plant. The hindquarter weight and the slaughtered animal category were recorded. The deboning of the hindquarters was carried out, and the outcomes of the weighing of the most valuable ones were recorded: eye round, inside round,knuckle, tenderloin, shortloin, round flat, and the sum of all of them, including the control of the right and left meat pieces. The results indicated highly significant differences (P < 0.001) between the cow category and the rest, for all the rear muscles. There were only differences between bulls and oxen, specifically in the muscles of the inside round and the palomilla steak. This showed better cuttability of the beef from the bulls as compared with the rest. There was not dimorphism between the animal categories. However, the highest differences were in the eye round, suggesting to improve the extraction by the butchers. It was concluded that the factors animal category, deboning quality, and loss in freezer are essential to attain higher beef yield. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency in the production of meat feeds, it is necessary the qualification of the hindquarter in the process of beef production.Key words: meat yield, bull, cow, ox, cuts, beef. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/135 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/135/128

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/136 2013-04-24T10:52:11Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Use of vulgar oregano (Origanum vulgare) as phytobiotic in fatting rabbits Ayala, L?zara Silvana, Nicola Zocarrato, I. G?mez, Sarai The effect of vulgar oregano (Origanum vulgare), from two drying temperatures, 25 and 60 0C, on the productive performance of fatting rabbits was assessed. A total of 45 rabbits from the White New Zealand breed from 30 to 78 d of age were used, distributed in three treatments: without additive, oregano dried at 25 and at 60 ?C. Previously, the essential oregano oil was characterized and carvacrol was the active component of higher presence. Rabbits received 1 % of the product dried and milled in the diet. Feed intake increased (81.61, 89.09 and 89.33 g/rabbit/d) as well as the live weight gain (g/rabbit/d) (24.97, 27, 75, 29.47). Feed conversion also improved (3.62, 3.38 and 3.04) in favor of the oregano dried at 60 ?C. The use of oregano as additive for fatting rabbits, dried at 60 ?C, is recommended as a better productive performance is achieved.Key words: rabbits, oregano, phytobiotic. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/136 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/136/129

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/137 2013-04-24T11:05:14Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Nutritional effects of dietary inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala and Moringa oleifera leaf meal on Rhode Island Red hens? performance Abou-Elezz, F. M. K. Sarmiento-Franco, L. Santos-Ricalde, R. Solorio-Sanchez, F. This study consisted of two experiments, aimed at determining the effect of the dietary inclusion of either Leucaena leucocephala (LLM) or Moringa oleifera (MOLM) leaf meals on Rhode Island Red (RIR) hens? egg production and quality. In the first experiment, thirty six RIR hens, at 36 weeks of age, were randomly divided into four groups each of nine birds and were allocated in individual cages. The four groups corresponded to four dietary treatments containing 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 % of LLM, respectively. Simultaneously, the second experimentwas carried out following the same design but using MOLM instead of LLM. The egg production and quality traits were monitored for five weeks, preceded by one week of adaptation. The results showed a quadratic effect on the egg laying rate (57.10, 57.46, 53.25, and47.46 %), egg mass (g/hen/d) and feed conversion due to the LLM treatments (0, 5, 10, and 15 %, respectively). The MOLM treatments decreased linearly the egg laying rate (60.00, 59.72, 56.13, and 51.87 %) and the egg mass, and had a quadratic effect on the feed intake (111.15, 111.93, 107.08, and 100.47g/hen/d) when including 0, 5, 10, and 15 % of MOLM, respectively. The yolk color increased linearly by the rise in both the MOLM and the LLM levels. Other results were obtained in the albumen and yolk proportions (%) and in the yolk coefficient, while no adverse effects were found on the other egg quality traits due to the LLM or MOLM treatments. The MOLM or theLLM could be acceptable as sustainable feed resource up to 10 % in laying hen diets.Key words: feed alternatives, mono-gastric, tropical forages, egg production, and egg quality. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/137 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/137/130

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/138 2013-04-24T11:41:37Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Crustacean meal in laying hen rations. Effect on productive variables and sensory evaluation of eggs stored in different conditions Carranco, M. Elena Calvo, C. C. Carrillo, D. S. Ram?rez, C. R. Morales, B. E. Sangin?z, G. L. Fuente, M. B. ?vila, G. E. P?rez-Gil, R. F. The effect of the inclusion of shrimp meal (SM) and red crab meal (RCM) on productive variables was assessed in laying hen diets. A sensorial evaluation was made in eggs, whether fresh or stored at different conditions. One-hundred and thirty-five hens were distributed in three treatments: control, SM (20 %), and RCM (4 %). The results were analyzed by ANDEVA and Friedman (P < 0.05). It was proved that productive variables, such as the sensorial evaluation, did not show significant differences between treatments up to 15 d of storage. It was concluded that, besides providing another feed alternative in poultry feeding, the incorporation of Crustacean meal did not affect the productive yield of the birds or provoked negative sensorial effects, every time the storage was not prolonged.Key words: shrimp meal, red crab meal, egg, productive variables, sensorial quality. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/138 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/138/131

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/139 2013-04-24T11:54:37Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Crustacean meal in laying hen rations. Effect on the physical quality of the egg stored in different conditions Carranco, M. Elena Calvo, M. de la Concepci?n Carrillo, Silvia Ram?rez, Rebeca Morales, E. Sangin?z, Leonor Fuente, B. ?vila, E. P?rez-Gil, F. In order to find out the effect of shrimp meal (SM) and red crab meal (RCM) on fresh and stored eggs, 135 hens were used and distributed in three treatments: control, SM (20 %), and RCM (4 %). After four weeks, eggs were collected from each treatment to evaluate their physical quality at 0, 15, and 30 d/4? and 20 ?C. The results were analyzed according to 3 x 3 x 2 factorial design, and the difference between means, by the multiple range test of Duncan. The highest values were for the Haugh units in the three treatments at 0 d/20 ?C. The yolk color diminished with the SM and the RCM, at 15 and 30 d (20 ?C). The eggshell thickness decreased at 30 d/4 ?C (P < 0.05). The pHincreased in time. It was concluded that the physical quality of the egg was affected by the storage time and temperature, and not by the inclusion of the Crustacean meals.Key words: Crustacean meal, egg physical quality, storage. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/139 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/139/132

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/140 2013-04-26T10:27:56Z CJAS:ANSCI. driver

Productive behavior of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) including high levels of soybean meal in the diet Llanes, J. Toledo, J. A total of 270 fingerlings of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (12.82 + 0.03 g of initial mean weight) was distributed according to one-waymodel in three triplicate treatments, to evaluate the possibility of using high percentages of soybean meal in the feeding of tilapias during60 d. The treatments consisted of a control diet with 50 % of soybean meal and two experimental diets, with 55 and 60 % of this meal. Theresults showed that the treatment with 55 % of soybean meal, compared with the control, did not show significant differences for final weight (63.3 and 66.4 g), feed conversion (1.8 and 1.7) and protein efficiency (1.9 and 2.0). However, with the contribution of 60 %, there was impairment in final weight (52.8 g), feed conversion (2.1) and protein efficiency (1.7). The survival was high in all the treatments (higher than 93 %), which evidenced that high levels of this protein source are not responsible for the mortality. It is concluded that it is feasible including up to 55 % of soybean meal in the feeds of Nile tilapia. Also, assessing this level for longer feeding times is suggested.Key words: feeding, tilapia, soybean. Instituto de Ciencia Animal 2011-06-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/140 Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 No. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 45 Núm. 2 (2011): Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science 2079-3480 0864-0408 eng https://www.cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/140/133 34a662d62d3c1a66c343b95a22566623